Abstract: The present application relates to viral entry inhibitors and RNA polymerase inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of the same, and combination therapies, as well as methods of making and of using the foregoing in the treatment of certain diseases.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of geneic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these sub-populations.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of genetic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydro genase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these subpopulations.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compositions and formulations to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by acetaldehyde accumulation, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects with reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) formulations, stable under storage conditions of up to about 55° C.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compositions and formulations to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by acetaldehyde accumulation, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects with reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) formulations, stable under storage conditions of up to about 55° C.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compositions and formulations to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by acetaldehyde accumulation, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects with reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity.

Abstract: Provided herein are ginsenoside compositions comprising at least 10% (w/w) of a protopanaxadiol type of ginsenoside suitable for administration to a subject. Also provided are methods using the ginsenoside compositions for reducing acetaldehyde concentrations, preventing or ameliorating a symptom of elevated acetaldehyde concentration, or reducing the risk of diseases or disorders caused by the intake of ethyl alcohol.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of genetic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these subpopulations.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of administering 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP), or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of genetic subpopulations expressing specific polymorphisms of the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase genes. Also provided herein are methods to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by consumption of ethanol, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects of these subpopulations.

Abstract: Provided herein are 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP) formulations, stable under storage conditions of up to about 55° C.

Abstract: Provided herein are ginsenoside compositions comprising at least 10% (w/w) of a protopanaxadiol type of ginsenoside suitable for administration to a subject. Also provided are methods using the ginsenoside compositions for reducing acetaldehyde concentrations, preventing or ameliorating a symptom of elevated acetaldehyde concentration, or reducing the risk of diseases or disorders caused by the intake of ethyl alcohol.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods, compositions and formulations to prevent or ameliorate ethanol intolerance, reduce or ameliorate symptoms associated with acetaldehyde accumulation accompanying ethanol consumption, or reduce the risk of diseases or disorders caused by acetaldehyde accumulation, comprising administering 4-MP, or physiologically acceptable salts thereof, to subjects with reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity.

Abstract: Methods, articles of manufacture and compositions are provided useful for the prevention or amelioration of a symptom of acetaldehyde accumulation or ethanol intolerance in a subject with reduced or absent reduced or absent aldehyde dehydrogenase subtype 2 (ALDH2) activity wherein about 1 mg/kg to about 4 mg/kg 4-methylpyrazole, or an equivalent mass of a 4-MP salt, are to be orally administered to the subject.