Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sensor including a sensor element and a heating element. The sensor element includes a cup-shaped member having a length, an outer surface, and an inner surface defining a cavity. The sensor element further includes an exhaust electrode coupled to the outer surface and a reference electrode coupled to the inner surface. The heating element is located within the cavity and contacts the sensor element within the cavity of the cup-shaped member over a contact length. A ratio is defined as the contact length divided by the length of cup-shaped member and the ratio is at least about 0.05.

Abstract: An exhaust gas sensor that includes a sensor element having a cup-shaped member including an outer surface and an inner surface defining a cavity. The cup-shaped member further includes an exhaust electrode coupled to the outer surface and a reference electrode coupled to the inner surface. The exhaust gas sensor further includes a heating element located within the cavity and a heat conductive material within the cavity and between the inner surface of the cup-shaped member and the heating element to facilitate heat transfer from the heating element to the sensor element.

Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: A sensor element is described for determining a physical property of a measuring gas, in particular the pressure or the concentration of a gas component in a gas mixture, in particular in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. The sensor element has an electrode exposed to the measuring gas and a reference electrode exposed to a reference gas, ambient air in particular, through a porous volume. The two electrodes are separated from one another by a solid electrolyte. To avoid premature aging of the reference electrode as a result of deposits of foreign substances contained in the reference gas or of chemical interactions caused by the foreign substances, the volume material is selected with respect to its physical and chemical properties in such a way that the foreign substances are bound in the volume and/or are subjected to a chemical reaction.

Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: A sensor element having a layer-type construction is used to determine a physical quantity of a measurement gas, in particular to determine the concentration of a gas component of the measurement gas. The sensor element includes at least one heater and at least one measurement element. The heater is surrounded by a heater insulation. Between the heater and the heater insulation there is provided, at least in some areas, a hollow element.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., for determining the concentration of a gas component in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or the temperature of the exhaust gas. The sensor element is fixed in position by the sealing system in a housing of the gas sensor. The sealing system includes at least one sealing element, which includes a mixture of a ceramic material and a glass. The hemisphere temperature of the glass is above 750° Celsius.

Abstract: A gas sensor is for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, the gas sensor having a sensor element that is fixed in a housing of the gas sensor by a seal assembly. The seal assembly includes a sealing element, which has a ceramic and/or a metallic material. After the heat treatment, the sealing element has a maximum decrease in volume of 5 percent, or an increase in volume, based on the volume of the sealing element prior to the heat treatment.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., for determining the concentration of a gas component in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or the temperature of the exhaust gas. The sensor element is fixed in position by the sealing system in a housing of the gas sensor. The sealing system includes at least one sealing element, which includes a mixture of a ceramic material and a glass. The hemisphere temperature of the glass is above 750° Celsius.

Abstract: A sensor element is described, having a heating device, which is used for determining at least one gas component of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. On at least one outer surface of sensor element a heat-conducting layer is applied, at least in a plurality of places, which has a higher thermal conductivity than the outer surface of sensor element.