Abstract: A sensor system for measuring blood perfusion, blood temperature, and thermal resistance using heat transfer and temperature measurements. The system uses a heat flux sensor, temperature sensor and electric resistance heater with a data analysis device using measurements before, during and after the thermal event provided by the heater.

Abstract: Metal interconnect layers on a top surface connected through holes to interconnect layers of the same or interconnect layers of a thermoelectrically different material on a bottom surface material on the bottom surface. Through hole connection provided by a material of the same or similar thermoelectric material as interconnects. A second metal of a thermoelectrically different material than the first interconnect layer is connected through a second hole from the top side interconnect to the bottom side interconnect. A second through hole connection provided by a metal of the same or similar thermoelectric material as the interconnect layer on the bottom side. Layers are connected in an alternating fashion to form a differential thermocouple. The pattern is created by printing conductive metallic inks on the surfaces and through holes, or by a combination of plating and etching processes and printing conductive metallic inks on the surfaces and through holes.