Abstract: A fuel injector and a method for manufacturing a fuel injector are described. The fuel injector includes a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate. The nozzle includes at least one injection hole. The method of manufacturing a fuel injector includes defining a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: A method continuously monitors variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method includes passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method enables monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a fuel injector comprising a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate, wherein the nozzle comprises at least one injection hole is provided. The method of manufacturing the fuel injector comprises defining (105) a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching (110) the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and apparatus for continuously monitoring variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method comprises of passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method, system and apparatus of the present invention enable monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A fuel injector and a method for manufacturing a fuel injector are described. The fuel injector includes a glass substrate and a nozzle enclosed within the glass substrate. The nozzle includes at least one injection hole. The method of manufacturing a fuel injector includes defining a shape of at least one injection hole in a glass substrate to obtain an at least one outlined injection hole and etching the at least one outlined injection hole to obtain the at least one injection hole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, system and apparatus for continuously monitoring variations in the size of particles present in a fluid on a real time basis. The method comprises of passing one or more optical signal through the fluid such as engine oil. The variation (attenuation or enhancement) in the intensity of the optical signal is continuously measured with respect to time. In an embodiment, the method, system and apparatus of the present invention enable monitoring of the amount, size and onset of particle agglomeration using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s). An exemplary embodiment is provided for monitoring of the amount, size and onset of soot particle agglomeration in engine oil using single or multiple wavelengths as interrogating optical signal(s).

Abstract: A thermal sensing catheter finds particular utility in detecting and isolating unstable arterial plaque. Miniaturized temperature sensors, preferably in the form of microthermistors, are embedded into expandable presentation elements disposed at the distal end of a catheter. The sensors may then be deployed to measure the surface temperature of the inner wall of coronary arteries or other vessels at multiple sites to identify sites of elevated temperature indicative of unstable plaque. The presentation elements may assume a “hand” type design or an alternate basket-type structure. A plurality of thermal sensors are embedded into the sides of polymeric or metallic sensing elements which expand out from the centerline of a catheter toward the inner vessel walls.

Abstract: Length and diameter measurements are conducted within an anatomical vessel or body by moving a micro/miniature accelerometer disposed at the distal end of a catheter. The measurements are made by marking an initial position, moving the catheter tip throughout the region, and tracking the position of the tip in real time. As the tip of the catheter moved within the vessel, its position is recorded from the initial (fudicial) position. The linear and/or spatial region within the vessel is then calculated from the accelerometer readings. A three-axis or two-axis approach may be used. The acceleration signals are then processed through double integration to determine the volume of interest, preferably as a computer visualization. The accelerometers used are preferably Micro-Electromechanical System (MEMs) type devices, positioned orthogonally. As the catheter is advanced then pulled back, it moves and strikes the walls of the vessel.

Abstract: A thermal sensing catheter finds particular utility in detecting and isolating unstable arterial plaque. Miniaturized temperature sensors, preferably in the form of microthermistors, are embedded into expandable presentation elements disposed at the distal end of a catheter. The sensors may then be deployed to measure the surface temperature of the inner wall of coronary arteries or other vessels at multiple sites to identify sites of elevated temperature indicative of unstable plaque. The presentation elements may assume a “hand” type design or an alternate basket-type structure. A plurality of thermal sensors are embedded into the sides of polymeric or metallic sensing elements which expand out from the centerline of a catheter toward the inner vessel walls.

Abstract: A filter assembly (10) includes a housing (12) defining a chamber (14). A filter substrate (16) is disposed within the chamber (14) for filtering fluids passing therethrough. The housing 12 includes an inlet (22) disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing flow of fluid into the chamber (14). The chamber (14) defines a flow path between the inlet (22) and filter substrate (16) for perfecting fluid flow therebetween. An outlet (24) is disposed in fluid communication with the chamber (14) for allowing the flow of fluid to exit the chamber (14). A snagging element (26) is disposed within the housing (14) between the inlet (22) and the filter substrate (16) on the flow path for snagging and retaining gelatinous particulate material from the fluid prior to being filtered. A method of filtering gelatinous material from a flow of fluid includes the steps of snagging gelatinous material from the flowing fluid and then passing the fluid through a filter.