Abstract: Anthracenes may be converted to their corresponding quinones by dissolving the anthracenes in an inert solvent and oxidizing the dissolved anthracenes with sodium hypochlorite as an oxidating agent where the reaction mixture has a pH in the range of 4.5 to 8.0.

Abstract: Polymeric phenolic benzylic ether compositions are obtained by an intermolecular redox reaction thermolysis of tetraalkyldiphenoquinones at a minimum of about 150.degree. C. The compositions are useful as non-volatile oxidation inhibitors in polymers at high temperatures, as polymerization inhibitors for vinyl monomers, and as crosslinking co-monomers for epoxy and polycarbonate resins.

Abstract: Self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of certain alkylphenols, alkoxyphenols or naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of the phenol or naphthol with oxygen in the presence of a metal complex of an aminocarboxylic acid or an aminosulfonic acid.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of phenols and naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of phenol or naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 8.5-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, cerium, or manganese chelate of a polyimino acid containing more than two nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkyl phenol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 9-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a copper, cobalt, nickel, iron, chromium, cerium or manganese complex of a diimino acid. The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Self-condensation products obtained by the coupling of alkylphenols, alkoxyphenols or naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of the phenol or naphthol with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprising(a) a copper compound,(b) an anionic surfactant, and(c) an alkaline material.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 7.0-9.0 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous, manganous or chromic chelate of a thio-acid compound.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkyl phenol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 8.5-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising certain imino acid chelates of Cu.sup.2, Ni.sup.2, Co.sup.2, Ce.sup.3, Cr.sup.3, Mn.sup.2 and Fe.sup.3. The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkyl phenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 7.0-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric or manganous chelate of a keto alcohol compound.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 7.0-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous or manganous chelate of a hydroxy- or keto- acid compound.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 8.0-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous or manganous chelate of an oxime of a keto or aldehyde compound.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 8.5-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric chelate of a compound selected from the group consisting of quanidines, amides, salens, dihydrazides, triazenes, dihydroxy substituted aromatics, macrocylic polyamines and alpha, delta-polyketones.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol or 1-naphtol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 7.5-10 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous, nickelous, ferric, manganous or chromic chelate of an aminoketone compund.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Tetravalent manganese precipitated on porous carbon is useful to catalyze oxidative coupling reactions of alkyl phenols.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkylphenol, alkoxyphenyl, or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 7.0-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous, manganous, nickelous, chromic or ferric chelate of a dicarboxylic acid compound.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkyl phenol or 1-naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 5-10 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous, manganous or chromic chelate of a beta- or gamma- diketone or keto ester.The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of an alkyl phenol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 6-9.5 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising an ammonia complex of monovalent copper; divalent copper, cobalt, nickel or manganese; or trivalent chromium or iron. The mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Carbon-carbon coupled self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of alkylphenols, alkoxyphenols or 1-naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of the phenol or naphthol with oxygen in the presence of sufficient alkaline material to sustain a pH in the range of 5-10 during the oxidative coupling reaction and a catalyst system comprising a cupric, cobaltous, manganous or ferric complex ofAn aliphatic hydroxy amine,A heterocyclic hydroxy amine,A heterocyclic polyamine or,An aliphatic diamineThe mixture may optionally contain a surfactant.

Abstract: Self-condensation products obtained by the coupling of alkylphenols, alkoxyphenols or naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of the phenol or naphthol with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst system comprisingA. a copper compound,B. an anionic surfactant, andC. an alkaline material.

Abstract: Self-condensation products obtained by the oxidative coupling of certain alkylphenols, alkoxyphenols or naphthols are prepared by contacting an aqueous mixture of the phenol or naphthol with oxygen in the presence of a metal complex of an aminocarboxylic acid or an aminosulfonic acid.