Abstract: We provide a 3-dimensional configuration of an electrode array for neural cell stimulation designed to leverage migration of retinal cells into voids in the subretinal space. Walls surrounding each pixel align the electric field vertically, matching the orientation of bipolar cells in the retina, and thereby reduce the stimulation threshold. These walls also decouple the field penetration depth from the pixel width, enabling a decrease of the pixel size down to cellular dimensions. Inner retinal cells migrate into the electrode cavities, which enables very efficient stimulation. Due to 1-dimensional alignment of electric field along the cavities, stimulation threshold current density does not increase significantly with the reduced pixel size, unlike the quadratic increase seen with planar arrays.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for electrically modulating tissue. Systems can include a current generator; at least one implantable working electrode, the at least one implantable working electrode configured to be in electrical communication with the current generator; at least one indifferent electrode; and a controller configured to signal the current generator to: generate a set of currents with a set of initial polarities to be delivered to the working electrodes; and wherein the at least one indifferent electrode absorbs a bias current which is equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to a summation of the set of currents.

Abstract: A neuromodulation device configured to operate in a plurality of waveform generation modes includes a power source, a control unit in communication with the power source, a bipolar current generator in communication with the control unit and an input of a switching unit, and a plurality of electrodes. Each electrode is in communication with a unique output of the switching unit. The switching unit can provide electrical communication between the bipolar current generator and a selected one of the plurality of electrodes in response to a control signal from the control unit. The current generator can deliver alternating current to the at least one working electrode during a first waveform generation mode and direct current to the working electrode during a second waveform generation mode. An indifferent electrode provides a return path for the alternating current, the direct current, or both.

Abstract: A method to prevent formation of unfavorable sequelae includes initiating delivering a neural inhibiting therapy to a nerve associated with an extracardiac sympathetic nervous system of a patient within 40 days of an onset of symptoms associated with acute coronary syndrome. The neural inhibiting therapy includes delivering an electrical therapeutic signal to the nerve sufficient to substantially prevent neural activity of the nerve from occurring. The method also includes continuing delivery of the neural inhibiting therapy to the nerve associated with the extracardiac sympathetic nervous system for a desired treatment period and discontinuing delivery of the neural inhibiting therapy to the nerve after the desired treatment period and enabling neural activity of the nerve to resume.

Abstract: We provide a 3-dimensional configuration of an electrode array for neural cell stimulation designed to leverage migration of retinal cells into voids in the subretinal space. Walls surrounding each pixel align the electric field vertically, matching the orientation of bipolar cells in the retina, and thereby reduce the stimulation threshold. These walls also decouple the field penetration depth from the pixel width, enabling a decrease of the pixel size down to cellular dimensions. Inner retinal cells migrate into the electrode cavities, which enables very efficient stimulation. Due to 1-dimensional alignment of electric field along the cavities, stimulation threshold current density does not increase significantly with the reduced pixel size, unlike the quadratic increase seen with planar arrays.