Abstract: The invention provides a process and apparatus for producing a quench gas mixture for increasing the cooling rate of an article. The quench gas mixture is produced by introducing helium gas into the bottom of a vessel containing a cryogenic liquid. Heat is transferred directly from the helium gas to the cryogenic liquid as the helium bubbles rise through the liquid to the surface. The resulting cryogenic vapor mixes with the helium gas in the ullage space at the top of the vessel, and the gas mixture is taken off from the ullage space and supplied to a cooling process.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for supplying gas, especially a cryogenic gas, to a use point at high pressure, especially supercritical pressure, with little or no lag time comprising a gas supply for quickly pressurizing a vaporizable liquid and the vaporization of the pressurized liquid for high pressure gas supply.

Abstract: An atmospheric vaporizer suitable for vaporizing cryogenic liquids on a continuous basis at greatly improved operating efficiency characterized by a critical pass spacing ratio of from 1 to 5.

Abstract: Apparatus for disposing of pelletized refuse by conversion into useful gaseous products and inert solid residue, comprising a vertical shaft and an enlarged hearth beneath the shaft, with a multiplicity of tuyeres for feeding oxygen-containing gas into the hearth.