Abstract: The invention relates to an amplifier circuit (1) for broadband and low-noise amplification of a capacitive current source, preferably of a pyroelectric sensor, comprising a signal input (3), which can be connected to the capacitive current source in a node K1; an input stage (A1), wherein the input stage (A1) is connected to the node K1 at an input (7) of the input stage (A1) and has a node K2 at the output (9) of the input stage (A1), wherein the input stage (A1) is configured to amplify an input voltage at least 3-fold, wherein the input stage (A1) is configured to provide a high-ohm input resistance at the input of the input stage (A1), wherein the input stage (A1) is configured to provide a stable and load-independent voltage at the output of the input stage (A1); an amplifier cascade, wherein the amplifier cascade (11) has at least one first and one second amplifier (A2, A3), each with an input (13, 17) and an output (15, 19), wherein the output (19) of the first amplifier (A2) is connected to the input

Abstract: The present invention relates to an FTIR spectrometer with an infrared radiation source, an interferometer with at least one arm variable in length, a reference laser, a measuring cell with a sample interface, preferably an ATR crystal which can be brought into contact with a sample, an infrared detector, a control system which is configured to change the length of the at least one arm of the interferometer, and a mirror arrangement outside the interferometer with at least two mirrors, each with a reflecting surface and a main body that comprises the reflecting surface, wherein the mirror arrangement is at least configured to direct a light beam from the interferometer onto the sample interface and to direct the light beam from the sample interface to the infrared detector, wherein the main body of at least one mirror or all mirrors of the mirror arrangement is or respectively are made of a plastic material and/or of 3D printed metal, or the main body or the main body of at least one mirror or of all mirrors

Abstract: A rail contact element for drop off detection is disclosed, wherein the rail contact element is mountable to a rail and includes a spring element, a main body which holds the spring element and an optical fiber. The spring element is in a tension state or in a relax state depending on a mounting state of the rail contact element. The optical fiber includes an outlet surface for emitting a light beam and the rail contact element further includes a reflector element. The spring element, the reflector element and the optical fiber are arranged so that the influence of the reflector element on the light beam is different in the tension state than in the relax state.

Abstract: A method for wagon-to-wagon communication between wagons of a train is disclosed. The train includes a first train wagon and at least one further train wagon, the first train wagon having a first transmitter/receiver device, and the further train wagon having a further transmitter/receiver device. The first transmitter/receiver device sends a request message using short distance communication. The further transmitter/receiver device sends an acknowledgement to the first transmitter/receiver device using short distance communication. The first transmitter/receiver device sends a first identification code identifying the first train wagon to the further train wagon. A method for checking train integrity and a train wagon is also disclosed.

Abstract: A rail contact element for drop off detection is disclosed, wherein the rail contact element is mountable to a rail and includes a spring element, a main body which holds the spring element and an optical fiber. The spring element is in a tension state or in a relax state depending on a mounting state of the rail contact element. The optical fiber includes an outlet surface for emitting a light beam and the rail contact element further includes a reflector element. The spring element, the reflector element and the optical fiber are arranged so that the influence of the reflector element on the light beam is different in the tension state than in the relax state.

Abstract: A method for wagon-to-wagon communication between wagons of a train is disclosed. The train includes a first train wagon and at least one further train wagon, the first train wagon having a first transmitter/receiver device, and the further train wagon having a further transmitter/receiver device. The first transmitter/receiver device sends a request message using short distance communication. The further transmitter/receiver device sends an acknowledgement to the first transmitter/receiver device using short distance communication. The first transmitter/receiver device sends a first identification code identifying the first train wagon to the further train wagon. A method for checking train integrity and a train wagon is also disclosed.