Abstract: An arrangement and methods for operating and for determining the speed of an electrical machine connected to a power electronic switching device and for supplying energy to a control device of the power electronic switching device. The arrangement and methods have an inductive decoupling device arranged on an electrical conductor leading from the switching device to the electrical machine, wherein a frequency determination device is used to determine the frequency of a voltage associated with a current in the electrical conductor and thus indirectly the speed of the electrical machine, and wherein a rectified output voltage of the decoupling device forms a voltage source for the control device.

Abstract: In a control device for discharging a DC link capacitor by means of a discharging device including a load resistor and a switch element connected in series with the load resistor, the control device includes a generator unit, which is configured to generate a pulse width-modulated actuation signal for the switch element with an ascertained duty cycle, and a control unit, which is configured to ascertain the duty cycle in such a way that, in the time average, a desired discharge current flows through the load resistor.

Abstract: A device discharges an intermediate circuit capacitor. The device includes a power converter for supplying electricity to an electrical machine powering a vehicle, having the intermediate circuit capacitor and a discharge device with a series circuit of a controllable switching element and a load resistor, and a high-voltage battery feeding the power converter on the input side. The power converter has a control equipment to control the switching element, depending on a signal state at an input of the control equipment, to perform a fixed predefined number of switching operations, in which the switching element conducts, with a fixed predefined duration and a fixed predefined delay between two successive switching operations. The load resistor and its heat transfer to the power converter are set so that the load resistor is not damaged if a maximum constant voltage of the high-voltage battery is applied during a respective switching operation.

Abstract: In a control device for discharging a DC link capacitor by means of a discharging device including a load resistor and a switch element connected in series with the load resistor, the control device includes a generator unit, which is configured to generate a pulse width-modulated actuation signal for the switch element with an ascertained duty cycle, and a control unit, which is configured to ascertain the duty cycle in such a way that, in the time average, a desired discharge current flows through the load resistor.

Abstract: A device discharges an intermediate circuit capacitor. The device includes a power converter for supplying electricity to an electrical machine powering a vehicle, having the intermediate circuit capacitor and a discharge device with a series circuit of a controllable switching element and a load resistor, and a high-voltage battery feeding the power converter on the input side. The power converter has a control equipment to control the switching element, depending on a signal state at an input of the control equipment, to perform a fixed predefined number of switching operations, in which the switching element conducts, with a fixed predefined duration and a fixed predefined delay between two successive switching operations. The load resistor and its heat transfer to the power converter are set so that the load resistor is not damaged if a maximum constant voltage of the high-voltage battery is applied during a respective switching operation.

Abstract: A method for estimating a torque of a three-phase motor for a vehicle includes measuring a respective current strength in at least two of three phase lines, wherein the three-phase motor is supplied with power by a converter, and wherein the three phase lines lead from the converter to the three-phase motor of the vehicle, measuring a respective voltage at each of the three phase lines, determining a rotating field frequency as a function of the measured current strengths or the measured voltages; and determining an estimated value for the torque as a function of the measured current strengths, the measured voltages and the determined rotating field frequency.

Abstract: A method for estimating a torque of a three-phase motor for a vehicle includes measuring a respective current strength in at least two of three phase lines, wherein the three-phase motor is supplied with power by a converter, and wherein the three phase lines lead from the converter to the three-phase motor of the vehicle, measuring a respective voltage at each of the three phase lines, determining a rotating field frequency as a function of the measured current strengths or the measured voltages; and determining an estimated value for the torque as a function of the measured current strengths, the measured voltages and the determined rotating field frequency.

Abstract: Devices and methods for continuously refilling an evaporator chamber are described. The evaporator chamber includes a vacuum chamber having a partition that is permeable only to liquid material. The solid material can be heated in the vacuum chamber by a heating jacket of the vacuum chamber to liquefaction, and transferred via a drain and a connecting channel into a basin inside an evaporator chamber.

Abstract: In a machine with a supervisory unit and several drives, contour discrepancies can be eliminated and synchronization simplified by using a line which is commonly employed for actuating a drive, e.g. the Enable line, also for synchronously sending a clock pulse to the various coordinated drives operating as “slaves”. The clock pulse representing the synchronization signal has a predetermined duration which is shorter than pulses typically used to deactivate a drive. The drives are designed to distinguish between these two types of pulses and only interpret a pulse of longer duration where the Drive Enable signal is switched off for a longer time, as indicating removal of the Drive Enable, i.e. deactivation of the drive.

Abstract: Substituted and non-substituted cyclodextrines are used as stabilizing agents for nanodispersions containing magnetic core particles M. The nanodispersions, which exhibit high saturation polarization with great biocompatibility, are suitable as transport vehicles for other pharmacologically and biologically active substances. The magnetic core particles of the nanodispersions are enveloped by compounds of the general formula (Ap, C, Bq), wherein A is reactive groups, B is bioactive groups and C is cyclodextrines.

Abstract: An adaptable frame carrier with triaxial freedom of movement for couches and seats, in which the freedom of movement is achieved in the X-, Y- and Z-direction by a system of elements which can be moved relative to one another and are spring loaded, a connecting element making the moveability between the X-, Y- and Z-direction interdependent. The frame carrier having at least one dome-shaped rolling body (3, 8) which rolls along a pressure-resistant rolling plate (2) in the X- and Y-direction, and two cylinders (6, 7) which slide one into the other and are supported against each other in the Z-direction by a compression spring (4). One of the cylinders (7) which slide one into the other being connected in a spring-loaded and hinged manner to the frame (18) of the couch or seat via a frame connection plate (13).

Abstract: Modified aminoplast resin comprising:(a) 60 to 99.5% by weight of an aminoplast precondensate which has been etherified with a lower alkanol to an extent not exceeding 10% and(b) 0.5 to 40% by weight of a modifying agent which comprises a mixture of (i) a water-soluble polyester prepared from carboxylic acids with at least one carboxyl and dihydric or polyhydric alcohols, and (ii) sufficient free diol or polyol whereby the mixture has a ratio of the sum of free and esterified hydroxyls of 0.8 to 4.5 moles for each mole of the sum of free and esterified carboxyls which resins are useful in impregnating webs for producing laminates and panels of wood-based materials.