Abstract: A process for producing propylene oxide comprising reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst to give a mixture (G1) comprising propylene oxide, unreacted propene, and oxygen; separating propylene oxide from mixture (G1) to give a mixture (GII) comprising propene and oxygen; and adding hydrogen to mixture (GII) and reducing the oxygen comprised in mixture (GII) at least partially by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper in elemental and/or oxidic form on a support, wherein copper is present on the support in an amount of 30 to 80 wt.-% based on the whole catalyst and calculated as CuO.

Abstract: An oxidation process employing a mechanically stable catalyst of an active metal or combination of active metals supported on aluminum oxide, which is predominantly alpha-aluminum oxide, is provided. The active metal or metals is optionally one or a mixture of ruthenium, copper, gold, an alkaline earth metal, an alkali metal, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, and rhenium. The process is applicable to the oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine in a Deacon process.

Abstract: A process for producing propylene oxide comprising reacting propene with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst to give a mixture (G1) comprising propylene oxide, unreacted propene, and oxygen; separating propylene oxide from mixture (G1) to give a mixture (GII) comprising propene and oxygen; and adding hydrogen to mixture (GII) and reducing the oxygen comprised in mixture (GII) at least partially by reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper in elemental and/or oxidic form on a support, wherein copper is present on the support in an amount of 30 to 80 wt.-% based on the whole catalyst and calculated as CuO.

Abstract: A catalytic process for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride, which includes recycle of process streams with reduced accumulation of inert gases in the system is provided. The process includes a step wherein a compressed liquid stream comprising chlorine, carbon dioxide and oxygen is recycled into a column countercurrent to the ascending gas phase and feeding part of the chlorine-rich liquid phase leaving the bottom of the column back into the top of the column. Carbon dioxide present in the ascending gas stream is dissolved out of the gas stream and can later be separated from chlorine without problems by distillation.

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for carrying out a gas-phase reaction, in which a gaseous reaction mixture flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed and internals are arranged in the fluidized bed, wherein the internals divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor for carrying out a gas-phase reaction, in which a gaseous reaction mixture flows from the bottom upward through a heterogeneous particulate catalyst forming a fluidized bed and internals are arranged in the fluidized bed, wherein the internals divide the fluidized bed into a plurality of cells arranged horizontally in the fluidized-bed reactor and a plurality of cells arranged vertically in the fluidized-bed reactor, with the cells having cell walls which are permeable to gas and have openings which ensure an exchange number of the heterogeneous particulate catalyst in the vertical direction in the range from 1 to 100 liters/hour per liter of reactor volume, is proposed.

Abstract: A catalyst for gas-phase reactions which has high mechanical stability and comprises one or more active metals on a support comprising aluminum oxide as support material, wherein the aluminum oxide in the support consists essentially of alpha-aluminum oxide. Ruthenium, copper and/or gold are preferred as active metal. Particularly preferred catalysts according to invention comprise a) from 0.001 to 10% by weight of ruthenium, copper and/or gold, b) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkaline earth metals, c) from 0 to 5% by weight of one or more alkali metals, d) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more rare earth metals, e) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further metals selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver and rhenium, in each case based on the total weight of the catalyst, on the support comprising alpha-Al2O3. The catalysts are preferably used in the oxidation of hydrogen chloride (Deacon reaction).

Abstract: Process for preparing chlorine from hydrogen chloride, which comprises the steps: a) feeding of a stream a1 comprising hydrogen chloride and of a stream a2 comprising oxygen into an oxidation zone and catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride to chlorine, giving a product gas stream a3 comprising chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases; b) cooling of the product gas stream a3 and removal of water and hydrogen chloride as aqueous hydrochloric acid, leaving a gas stream b comprising chlorine, water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases; c) optional drying of the gas stream b) to leave a gas stream c which is substantially free of water and comprises chlorine, oxygen, carbon dioxide and inert gases; d) at least partial liquefaction of the gas stream c and of a chlorine-rich recycle stream f1 comprising chlorine, oxygen and carbon dioxide by compression and cooling, giving an at least partially liquefied stream d; e) gas/liquid separation of the stream d into a gas stream e1 comprising chlorine,

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for carrying out exothermic chemical equilibrium reactions in a fluidized-bed reactor, wherein there is a temperature distribution in the fluidized bed of the fluidized-bed reactor and the temperature difference between the lowest temperature and the highest temperature is at least 10 K. The invention further relates to a fluidized-bed reactor for carrying out chemical reactions in a fluidized bed (5), wherein at least one heat exchanger (12, 28) is located in the fluidized bed (5) to control the temperature distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the catalytic preparation of melamine by decomposition of urea over particular solid catalysts using a main reactor and an after-reactor. A catalyst having a low Lewis acidity is used in the main reactor and a catalyst having an equal or preferably higher Lewis acidity is used in the after-reactor.