Abstract: A method for image reconstruction includes irradiating an object with a beam of radiation from a radiation source, measuring an attenuated portion of the beam, estimating a density of the object, determining a predicted attenuated portion of the beam using the density estimate, and iteratively adjusting the density estimate of the object. The predicted attenuated portion and the measured attenuated portion are compared to determine a signal difference. The density estimate of each portion of the object is adjusted by scaling the density estimate using the average signal differences of rays that intersect the portion of the object. The density estimate may be repeatedly adjusted until a difference between consecutive density estimates is below a selected threshold or a predetermined number of adjustments have been completed. The attenuated portion of the beam may include a scattered portion and a transmitted portion.

Abstract: An internal imaging system has a radiation source and a plurality of detectors positioned to receive portions of the plurality of collimated beams that have been attenuated by interaction with the target. The radiation source is configured to irradiate a target with a plurality of collimated beams of radiation. Two of the plurality of collimated beams of radiation may have different beam shapes. Another internal imaging system includes a radiation source configured to irradiate a target with at least one collimated beam of radiation and at least one detector. A planar rotating collimator is positioned adjacent to the radiation source and is configured to form the at least one collimated beam. The at least one detector is positioned to receive attenuated portions of the at least one collimated beam. The radiation source may be or include a neutron source. The detectors may be or include a plurality of neutron converters.

Abstract: A turbocharger with a turbine (10) having a turbine wheel (12) in a turbine housing (14) with an associated manifold (24) having individual ports (22) corresponding to unobstructed passageways (26) from each cylinder of an engine. The ports (22) are substantially equally spaced around a face of the turbine wheel (12) to preserve benefits of pulses without interference.

Abstract: A method for image reconstruction includes irradiating an object with a beam of radiation from a radiation source, measuring an attenuated portion of the beam, estimating a density of the object, determining a predicted attenuated portion of the beam using the density estimate, and iteratively adjusting the density estimate of the object. The predicted attenuated portion and the measured attenuated portion are compared to determine a signal difference. The density estimate of each portion of the object is adjusted by scaling the density estimate using the average signal differences of rays that intersect the portion of the object. The density estimate may be repeatedly adjusted until a difference between consecutive density estimates is below a selected threshold or a predetermined number of adjustments have been completed. The attenuated portion of the beam may include a scattered portion and a transmitted portion.

Abstract: An internal imaging system has a radiation source and a plurality of detectors positioned to receive portions of the plurality of collimated beams that have been attenuated by interaction with the target. The radiation source is configured to irradiate a target with a plurality of collimated beams of radiation. Two of the plurality of collimated beams of radiation may have different beam shapes. Another internal imaging system includes a radiation source configured to irradiate a target with at least one collimated beam of radiation and at least one detector. A planar rotating collimator is positioned adjacent to the radiation source and is configured to form the at least one collimated beam. The at least one detector is positioned to receive attenuated portions of the at least one collimated beam. The radiation source may be or include a neutron source. The detectors may be or include a plurality of neutron converters.

Abstract: A number of variations may include a product comprising: an electric motor generator, a first power electronics module operatively connected to the electric motor generator; an electric motor constructed and arranged for driving an air delivery device, and a second power electronics module coupled to the electric motor. A number of variations may include a product comprising: an electric motor generator for a vehicle and an electric motor constructed and arranged for driving an air delivery device, and single housing enclosing the electric motor generator and an electric motor.

Abstract: A turbocharger with a turbine (10) having a turbine wheel (12) in a turbine housing (14) with an associated manifold (24) having individual ports (22) corresponding to unobstructed passageways (26) from each cylinder of an engine. The ports (22) are substantially equally spaced around a face of the turbine wheel (12) to preserve benefits of pulses without interference.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment may include an engine breathing system including an exhaust driven auxiliary air pump to flow air directly into the exhaust side of the breathing system.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is provided. The turbocharger system includes high-pressure and low-pressure turbochargers in communication with one another. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valves that are independently controllable so as to selectively control the gas flow into the turbine portions of the high-pressure turbocharger and the low-pressure turbocharger. The valves are asymmetric with differing perimeters, diameters, and sizes with respect to one another.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbocharger (18) and control system based strategy to control exhaust gas filters (30) for aftertreatment regeneration. The air handling system (10) uses the variable turbine geometry (VTG) of the turbine (20) and a compressor (22) flow control bleed valve (24) to drive pressurized intake air into the exhaust. The oxygen rich exhaust gas can then be mixed with fuel and combusted. Increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas will combust the excess exhaust gas emissions and reduce the pressure drop across the filter (30). This system (10) can be used under any operating conditions so as to be available to combust the excess exhaust gas emissions when needed.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment may include an engine breathing system including an exhaust driven auxiliary air pump to flow air directly into the exhaust side of the breathing system.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is described. The turbocharger system includes high-pressure and low-pressure turbocharger units in communication with one another. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valve members that are independently controllable so as to selectively control the gas flow into the turbine portions of the high-pressure turbocharger and the low-pressure turbocharger units. The valve members are asymmetric, e.g., they possess differing areas (e.g., perimeters, diameters and/or the like) with respect to one another.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-stage turbocharger unit having a valve that will help to create a smooth transition of exhaust gas energy from the high-pressure turbine (HP) turbine to the low-pressure (LP) turbine. The LP and HP turbines are positioned such that the valve can be in one position to force all of the exhaust gas to flow through the HP turbine and when in another position to force all of the exhaust gas through the LP turbine. When the valve is placed in an intermediate position, the exhaust gas can be variably directed to flow through both turbines, with the percentage of exhaust gas flowing through each turbine being dependent on the position of the valve.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbocharger (18) and control system based strategy to control exhaust gas filters (30) for aftertreatment regeneration. The air handling system (10) uses the variable turbine geometry (VTG) of the turbine (20) and a compressor (22) flow control bleed valve (24) to drive pressurized intake air into the exhaust. The oxygen rich exhaust gas can then be mixed with fuel and combusted. Increasing the temperature of the exhaust gas will combust the excess exhaust gas emissions and reduce the pressure drop across the filter (30). This system (10) can be used under any operating conditions so as to be available to combust the excess exhaust gas emissions when needed.

Abstract: One implementation of an air boost system for an engine includes a boost device and an accumulator adapted to store pressurized fluid and selectively provide pressurized fluid to the boost device. A pump may deliver fluid under pressure to one or both of the accumulator and the boost device in at least some operating conditions. A first control valve may be disposed between the pump and the accumulator to control fluid flow to the accumulator, and a bypass may be provided between the pump and the first control valve. The bypass may, in at least some operating conditions, permit at least some of the pressurized fluid from the pump to bypass the accumulator and be delivered to the boost device. In one form, the accumulator is carried by the boost device in a compact unit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a bypass valve assembly having a valve housing with an inlet port, outlet port, and bypass port all formed within the valve housing. A valve member is operably connected to the valve housing and includes a first valve plate and second valve plate that face in substantially opposite directions from each other. The first valve plate articulates to form a tight barrier with the outlet port when the valve member is in a first position, and the second valve plate articulates to form a tight barrier with the bypass port when the valve member is in a second position.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-stage turbocharger unit having a valve that will help to create a smooth transition of exhaust gas energy from the high-pressure turbine (HP) turbine to the low-pressure (LP) turbine. The LP and HP turbines are positioned such that the valve can be in one position to force all of the exhaust gas to flow through the HP turbine and when in another position to force all of the exhaust gas through the LP turbine. When the valve is placed in an intermediary position, the exhaust gas can be variably directed to flow through both turbines, with the percentage of exhaust gas flowing through each turbine being dependent on the position of the valve.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is described, including high-pressure and low-pressure turbocharger units. The low-pressure turbocharger unit includes a twin volute turbine portion. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valve members that are independently controllable so as to selectively control an exhaust gas flow into the twin volutes of the turbine portion of the low-pressure turbocharger unit. By-pass valve systems are also provided for the twin volute turbine portion of the low-pressure turbocharger unit and the compressor portion of the high-pressure turbocharger unit.

Abstract: A regulated two-stage turbocharger system is described, including high-pressure and low-pressure turbocharger units. The low-pressure turbocharger unit includes a twin volute turbine portion. The turbocharger system includes a valve system having valve members that are independently controllable so as to selectively control an exhaust gas flow into the twin volutes of the turbine portion of the low-pressure turbocharger unit. By-pass valve systems are also provided for the twin volute turbine portion of the low-pressure turbocharger unit and the compressor portion of the high-pressure turbocharger unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-stage turbocharger unit having a valve that will help to create a smooth transition of exhaust gas energy from the high-pressure turbine (HP) turbine to the low-pressure (LP) turbine. The LP and HP turbines are positioned such that the valve can be in one position to force all of the exhaust gas to flow through the HP turbine and when in another position to force all of the exhaust gas through the LP turbine. When the valve is placed in an intermediary position, the exhaust gas can be variably directed to flow through both turbines, with the percentage of exhaust gas flowing through each turbine being dependent on the position of the valve.