Abstract: A system and method for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) includes capturing a set of wireless data traffic from a wireless transmission and performing frequency spectrum analysis on datagram arrival times to classify the wireless data traffic based upon potential constant-datagram-rate data content that may be indicative that at least a portion of the wireless data traffic is emanating from a UAV. The wireless data traffic may be captured from one or more Wi-Fi receivers and sorted based upon transmission parameters prior to performing the frequency spectrum analysis. Detected peak frequencies may be used to determine if any constant-datagram-rate traffic within the wireless data traffic potentially contains data traffic streaming from a UAV. Directional antennas and/or a phased array of antennas can be used to determine the direction of propagation of the wireless transmission and further classify the wireless data traffic based on potential emanation from a UAV.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) includes capturing a set of wireless data traffic from a wireless transmission and performing frequency spectrum analysis on datagram arrival times to classify the wireless data traffic based upon potential constant-datagram-rate data content that may be indicative that at least a portion of the wireless data traffic is emanating from a UAV. The wireless data traffic may be captured from one or more Wi-Fi receivers and sorted based upon transmission parameters prior to performing the frequency spectrum analysis. Detected peak frequencies may be used to determine if any constant-datagram-rate traffic within the wireless data traffic potentially contains data traffic streaming from a UAV. Directional antennas and/or a phased array of antennas can be used to determine the direction of propagation of the wireless transmission and further classify the wireless data traffic based on potential emanation from a UAV.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzing device and method include sweeping a first frequency range at least once at a first resolution and performing a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on data from the sweeping of the first frequency range to produce first peak hold trace data. A second frequency range is swept at least once at a second resolution and an FFT applied to produce second peak hold trace data based on the sweeping of the second frequency range. The resolution for the sweeps is selected based on a bandwidth of the frequency range to be swept. A composite graphical display is produced based upon the first and second peak hold trace data. By caching the peak hold trace data, the spectrum analyzer preserves detected signal information when zooming from a coarser to a finer frequency resolution while minimizing the processing requirements of the spectrum analysis.

Abstract: A system and method of classifying a set of internet protocol network data traffic based upon potential constant-datagram-rate data content such as VoIP traffic or streaming video using frequency spectrum analysis of datagram arrival times is disclosed. The network data traffic is captured with an apparatus connected in-line on the network link from which the set of network data traffic is obtained or wirelessly from a wireless network transmission. The network data traffic is presorted based upon parameters such as the media access control-layer, datagram size, IP address, port number or transport-layer protocol to limit the required analysis. A threshold function is used to detect peaks in the calculated frequency spectrum that indicate constant-datagram-rate traffic. An automated system preferably captures the network data traffic, immediately performs the frequency spectrum analysis on the captured data traffic, and stores the analysis results in memory for later access.

Abstract: A graphical display for displaying spectrum analyzer data that represents detected signal levels for frequencies in an identified frequency span includes a signal level axis that represents a range of detected RF signal levels for the spectrum analyzer data and a frequency axis that represents an identified frequency spectrum span for the spectrum analyzer data. Frequency ranges in the identified frequency span having a high concentration of detected RF energy are automatically graphically expanded and displayed on the frequency axis of the graphical display while frequency ranges having a lower concentration of detected RF energy are simultaneously, automatically graphically condensed and displayed on the first frequency axis of the graphical display.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer contains a number of improvements that adapt it to common commercial uses. The spectrum analyzer is capable of automatically wirelessly receiving and synchronizing frequency spectrum data collected from multiple remote spectrum analyzers with respect to frequency, time and location. A selector function is used to create composite frequency data sets from multiple frequency data sets while allowing retroactive identification and examination of the original frequency data. An improved non-linear graphical display of the frequency spectrum data is created by automatically expanding the resolution of frequency axis for frequency ranges having signals of interest and contracting the resolution of the frequency axis of frequency ranges having no signals of interest.

Abstract: A system and method of classifying a set of internet protocol network data traffic based upon potential constant-datagram-rate data content such as VoIP traffic or streaming video using frequency spectrum analysis of datagram arrival times is disclosed. The network data traffic is captured with an apparatus connected in-line on the network link from which the set of network data traffic is obtained or wirelessly from a wireless network transmission. The network data traffic is presorted based upon parameters such as the media access control-layer, datagram size, IP address, port number or transport-layer protocol to limit the required analysis. A threshold function is used to detect peaks in the calculated frequency spectrum that indicate constant-datagram-rate traffic. An automated system preferably captures the network data traffic, immediately performs the frequency spectrum analysis on the captured data traffic, and stores the analysis results in memory for later access.

Abstract: A graphical display for displaying spectrum analyzer data that represents detected signal levels for frequencies in an identified frequency span includes a signal level axis that represents a range of detected RF signal levels for the spectrum analyzer data and a frequency axis that represents an identified frequency spectrum span for the spectrum analyzer data. Frequency ranges in the identified frequency span having a high concentration of detected RF energy are automatically graphically expanded and displayed on the frequency axis of the graphical display while frequency ranges having a lower concentration of detected RF energy are simultaneously, automatically graphically condensed and displayed on the first frequency axis of the graphical display.

Abstract: A system and method of classifying a set of internet protocol network data traffic as likely or unlikely to contain constant-packet-rate data or VoIP traffic using frequency spectrum analysis of data packet arrival times. The method is performed with an apparatus connected in-line on the network link from which the set of network data traffic is obtained. The network data traffic is presorted by packet size, source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, or transport-layer protocol to limit the required analysis. A sliding window function is used to provide the time-domain input data to the frequency spectrum analysis. A threshold function is used to detect peaks in the calculated frequency spectrum that indicate constant-packet-rate traffic. An automated system preferably captures the network data traffic from one or more network links, immediately performs the frequency spectrum analysis on the data traffic and stores the results in memory for later access.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer contains a number of improvements that adapt it to common commercial uses. The spectrum analyzer is capable of automatically wirelessly receiving and synchronizing frequency spectrum data collected from multiple remote spectrum analyzers with respect to frequency, time and location. A selector function is used to create composite fre quency data set from multiple frequency data sets while allowing retroactive identification and examination of the original frequency data. An improved non-linear graphical display of the frequency spectrum data is created by automatically expanding the resolution of frequency axis for frequency ranges having signals of interest and contracting the resolution of the frequency axis of frequency ranges having no signals of interest.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer contains a number of improvements that adapt it to common commercial uses. The spectrum analyzer is capable of automatically wirelessly receiving and synchronizing frequency spectrum data collected from multiple remote spectrum analyzers with respect to frequency, time and location. A selector function is used to create composite frequency data sets from multiple frequency data sets while allowing retroactive identification and examination of the original frequency data. An improved non-linear graphical display of the frequency spectrum data is created by automatically expanding the resolution of frequency axis for frequency ranges having signals of interest and contracting the resolution of the frequency axis of frequency ranges having no signals of interest.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer contains a number of improvements that adapt it to common commercial uses. The spectrum analyzer is capable of automatically wirelessly receiving and synchronizing frequency spectrum data collected from multiple remote spectrum analyzers with respect to frequency, time and location. A selector function is used to create composite frequency data sets from multiple frequency data sets while allowing retroactive identification and examination of the original frequency data. An improved non-linear graphical display of the frequency spectrum data is created by automatically expanding the resolution of frequency axis for frequency ranges having signals of interest and contracting the resolution of the frequency axis of frequency ranges having no signals of interest.

Abstract: A system and method of classifying a set of internet protocol network data traffic as likely or unlikely to contain constant-packet-rate data or VoIP traffic using frequency spectrum analysis of data packet arrival times. The method is performed with an apparatus connected in-line on the network link from which the set of network data traffic is obtained. The network data traffic is presorted by packet size, source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, or transport-layer protocol to limit the required analysis. A sliding window function is used to provide the time-domain input data to the frequency spectrum analysis. A threshold function is used to detect peaks in the calculated frequency spectrum that indicate constant-packet-rate traffic. An automated system preferably captures the network data traffic from one or more network links, immediately performs the frequency spectrum analysis on the data traffic and stores the results in memory for later access.

Abstract: A spectrum analyzer contains a number of improvements that adapt it to common commercial uses. The spectrum analyzer is capable of automatically wirelessly receiving and synchronizing frequency spectrum data collected from multiple remote spectrum analyzers with respect to frequency, time and location. A selector function is used to create composite frequency data sets from multiple frequency data sets while allowing retroactive identification and examination of the original frequency data. An improved non-linear graphical display of the frequency spectrum data is created by automatically expanding the resolution of frequency axis for frequency ranges having signals of interest and contracting the resolution of the frequency axis of frequency ranges having no signals of interest.

Abstract: A digital spread spectrum non-linear junction detector (NLJD) utilizes the 2.4 GHz transmission band to increase sensitivity to detect smaller electronics. The receiver chain of the NLJD pre-distorts the transmission signal and correlates the result with the response signal to differentiate between target responses and ambient interference signals. A touch screen display displays a signal strength received by the NLJDs receiver at a second harmonic frequency of the 2.4 GHz transmit signal and a signal strength received by the receiver at a third harmonic frequency of the transmit signal. A frequency swept response received by the receiver in response to the transmitted 2.4 GHz transmit signal is graphically displayed on the touch screen. The use of the 2.4 GHz band, touch screen, correlation based target differentiation and frequency swept response display improve the sensitivity and usability of the NLJD and increase the likelihood of it successfully performing its tasks.

Abstract: A digital spread spectrum non-linear junction detector (NLJD) utilizes the 2.4 GHz transmission band to increase sensitivity to detect smaller electronics. The receiver chain of the NLJD pre-distorts the transmission signal and correlates the result with the response signal to differentiate between target responses and ambient interference signals. A touch screen display displays a signal strength received by the NLJDs receiver at a second harmonic frequency of the 2.4 GHz transmit signal and a signal strength received by the receiver at a third harmonic frequency of the transmit signal. A frequency swept response received by the receiver in response to the transmitted 2.4 GHz transmit signal is graphically displayed on the touch screen. The use of the 2.4 GHz band, touch screen, correlation based target differentiation and frequency swept response display improve the sensitivity and usability of the NLJD and increase the likelihood of it successfully performing its tasks.

Abstract: A method, device, and apparatus for tracing a conductive line and locating any concealed surveillance devices coupled to the line uses a signal generator to produce a test signal having a fundamental frequency which is coupled to the line under test. The test signal flowing through the line under test creates electromagnetic waves that propagate through the atmosphere away from the line. A portable locator probe is used to detect the radiated signal and thus the conductive line by detecting the magnitude of the radiated signal. As the locator probe is moved closer to the line, the amplitude of the detected signal increases. In addition, the portable locator probe detects harmonic signals radiated from nonlinear junctions coupled to the line at harmonic frequencies of the fundamental test signal.

Abstract: Line anomalies on a line under test are detected by generating a test signal at a first power level and coupling the test signal to the line under test. A response level is received from the line under test at a second and third harmonic frequency of the first test signal. A second test signal is generated at an increased power level and coupled to the line under test and a response level from the line is received at a second and third harmonic frequency of the second test signal. The process is repeated by raising the power level of the test signal until a current level supplied to the line by a test signal exceeds an acceptable threshold level. The response levels are compared to stored data to locate any line anomalies present. The stored data represents harmonic response data obtained from the same line at a previous time. A graphical or mathematical representation of the response data is produced such that the response data can be easily compared to locate any anomalies.

Abstract: Line anomalies on a line under test are detected by generating a test signal at a first power level and coupling the test signal to the line under test. A response level is received from the line under test at a second and third harmonic frequency of the first test signal. A second test signal is generated at an increased power level and coupled to the line under test and a response level from the line is received at a second and third harmonic frequency of the second test signal. The process is repeated by raising the power level of the test signal until a current level supplied to the line by a test signal exceeds an acceptable threshold level. The response levels are compared to stored data to locate any line anomalies present. The stored data represents harmonic response data obtained from the same line at a previous time. A graphical or mathematical representation of the response data is produced such that the response data can be easily compared to locate any anomalies.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting concealed surveillance devices coupled to a transmission line uses either a time domain or frequency domain reflectometry operation to locate any impedance anomalies on the transmission line and a non-linear junction detection operation to classify the located impedance anomalies as semiconductor or non-semiconductor based anomalies. The reflectometry operation utilizes the reflection of a test signal to determine the distance to any reflecting impedance anomalies on the transmission line that may be indicative of an electronic device being coupled to the transmission line. The non-linear junction detection operation then compares the amplitudes of re-radiated second and third harmonics of a transmitted fundamental frequency signal to determine if the reflecting impedance anomalies are the result of a semiconductor based non-linear junction. A DC bias voltage and a balanced load may be added to the transmission line to enhance the line's response to the test signals.