Abstract: Method and system in which, in order to determine foreign gases in ethylene with a degree of purity up to greater than 99%, a sample 2 of the ethylene in a measuring cell 1 is irradiated with light 14, wherein the wavelength of the light 14 is varied to scan selected absorption lines of the foreign gases in a wavelength-dependent manner, where the light 14 is detected after passing through the sample 2 to determine the concentrations of the foreign gases based on the wavelength-specific absorption of the light 14 at the points of the scanned absorption lines.

Abstract: Method and system in which, in order to determine foreign gases in ethylene with a degree of purity up to greater than 99%, a sample 2 of the ethylene in a measuring cell 1 is irradiated with light 14, wherein the wavelength of the light 14 is varied to scan selected absorption lines of the foreign gases in a wavelength-dependent manner, where the light 14 is detected after passing through the sample 2 to determine the concentrations of the foreign gases based on the wavelength-specific absorption of the light 14 at the points of the scanned absorption lines.

Abstract: A non-dispersive gas analyzer comprising a light source, having light that shines through a measuring cuvette containing a measuring gas to be analyzed onto a non selective detector having a downstream evaluation unit, wherein a multi-component gas analysis is made possible using in a simple manner in that the light source is a flash discharge lamp and the evaluation unit is configured to evaluate the temporal pulse curves of the flash shining onto the detector such that it is possible to take advantage of the property of flash discharge lamps in that the emitted wavelength components vary over the duration of the flash.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine.

Abstract: A non-dispersive gas analyzer comprising a light source, having light that shines through a measuring cuvette containing a measuring gas to be analyzed onto a non selective detector having a downstream evaluation unit, wherein a multi-component gas analysis is made possible using in a simple manner in that the light source is a flash discharge lamp and the evaluation unit is configured to evaluate the temporal pulse curves of the flash shining onto the detector such that it is possible to take advantage of the property of flash discharge lamps in that the emitted wavelength components vary over the duration of the flash.

Abstract: A modulator wheel of a gas analyzer which contains an opening in the shadowing part thereof, where the opening generates in the measurement signal of the gas analyzer, in addition to a signal component at a modulation frequency generated by alternating shadowing and passing-through of the radiation, a further signal component having twice the modulation frequency that is used for detecting changes to the infrared radiation source or detector arrangement due to contamination, aging, or temperature, and compensating for the effects thereof on the measurement result.

Abstract: A measurement method in which, at the start of a measurement chain, a measured variable is picked up and is further-processed over the course of the measurement chain by conversion to generate a measurement result, where the original or converted measured variable is modulated at a predetermined modulation frequency at a first point in the measurement chain. At a second point in the measurement chain or sequence, which is after the first point in the direction of further-processing, a variable is added to the converted measured variable. The measurement chain or sequence is calibrated using different known values for the measured variable, where different vectors are obtained that define a characteristic, and an unknown value for the measured variable is determined from that point of the characteristic at which the vector obtained in the process or its extension intersects the characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a NDIR two beam gas analyser in which infrared radiation is guided by modulation in an alternating manner through a measuring chamber and a reference chamber and is subsequently detected, a measurement signal being produced due to the analysis which determines the concentration of a measurement gas component present in the measurement chamber.

Abstract: A detector arrangement for detection of a measuring gas component in a gas mixture is provided. The arrangement includes a gas analyzer, a first single-layer receiver and a further single-layer receiver, the first single-layer receiver containing the measuring gas component and the further single-layer receiver containing a transverse gas. A concentration of the measuring gas component in the gas mixture is determined from signals delivered by sensors of the single-layer receivers. An evaluating device includes an n-dimensional calibration matrix for obtaining matrix signal values. Signal values of different known concentrations of the measuring gas component in the presence of different known transverse gas concentrations are stored as n-tubules in the evaluating device.

Abstract: A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a NDIR-gas analyser comprising an infrared radiation source (1), a measuring vessel (3) containing a gas mixture (4) having a measuring gas component (5) that is to be detected, and a detector device (7) that is arranged behind the measuring vessel that can detect the influence of ageing of the radiation source (1) and optionally dirt deposits in the optical radiation path without interrupting measuring. According to the invention, at least one optopneumatic detector (15) is arranged in the beam path of the radiation source (1), said detector being filled with any gas (16) when arranged between the radiation source (1) and the measuring vessel (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a NDIR-gas analyser comprising an infrared radiation source (1), a measuring vessel (3) containing a gas mixture (4) having a measuring gas component (5) that is to be detected, and a detector device (7) that is arranged behind the measuring vessel that can detect the influence of ageing of the radiation source (1) and optionally dirt deposits in the optical radiation path without interrupting measuring. According to the invention, at least one optopneumatic detector (15) is arranged in the beam path of the radiation source (1), said detector being filled with any gas (16) when arranged between the radiation source (1) and the measuring vessel (3).

Abstract: A pack of wipes including multiple wipes arranged in a stack and an external envelope enclosing the stack. The external envelope includes a dispensing orifice and the wipes are folded so as to include a leading panel, a central panel, a trailing panel, a leading fold and a trailing fold, wherein the leading fold separates the leading panel from the central panel and the trailing fold separates the central panel from the trailing panel. The stack has a first wipe and a second wipe. The first wipe is placed closest to the dispensing orifice and the second wipe is positioned next to the first wipe in the stack, wherein the removal of the first wipe through the dispensing orifice induces a portion of the central panel of the second wipe and a portion of the leading panel of the second wipe to protrude from the dispensing orifice and to stay in contact to each other.

Abstract: A wiping implement suitable for use as a bath tissue can be formed into sheets, each sheet comprising at least one ply of a paper web having a basis weight of at least about 25 lb/3000 square feet. The sheet can have a width of at least about 4.5 inches and temporary wet tensile properties. The sheet of the present invention can have an area of at least about 30 square inches. In a multiple ply embodiment, the sheet can have an optimized basis weight of at least about 42 lb/3000 square feet while maintaining nearly the same amount of actual total fiber usage per cleaning task as current premium bath tissues.

Abstract: A wiping implement suitable for use as a bath tissue can be formed into sheets, each sheet comprising at least one ply of a paper web having a basis weight of at least about 25 lb/3000 square feet. The sheet can have a width of at least about 4.5 inches and temporary wet tensile properties. The sheet of the present invention can have an area of at least about 30 square inches. In a multiple ply embodiment, the sheet can have an optimized basis weight of at least about 42 lb/3000 square feet while maintaining nearly the same amount of actual total fiber usage per cleaning task as current premium bath tissues.

Abstract: A wiping implement suitable for use as a bath tissue can be formed into sheets, each sheet comprising at least one ply of a paper web having a basis weight of at least about 25 lb/3000 square feet. The sheet can have a width of at least about 4.5 inches and temporary wet tensile properties. The sheet of the present invention can have an area of at least about 30 square inches. In a multiple ply embodiment, the sheet can have an optimized basis weight of at least about 42 lb/3000 square feet while maintaining nearly the same amount of actual total fiber usage per cleaning task as current premium bath tissues.