Abstract: In an engine block of an internal combustion engine having a clutch housing provided with cut-outs, a thin-walled liner is fitted into the clutch housing to cover the cut-outs so as to provide a clutch housing structure of a relatively low weight.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine with an engine block, a cylinder head with a camshaft mounted on the engine block, a crankshaft mounted on the engine block opposite the cylinder head and a camshaft timing drive interconnecting the crankshaft and the camshaft, a camshaft timing drive enclosure is disposed at one end of the engine and fully encloses the camshaft timing drive, and the enclosure has extensions extending over the side walls of the engine block and covering openings formed in the side walls of the engine block providing for a light-weight arrangement with noise attenuating properties.

Abstract: In a crankcase of an internal combustion engine with lower and upper crankcase parts joined together along a separation plane extending through the axis of crankshaft bearings mounted in the transverse walls of the crankcase, the upper crankcase part has side walls with cut-outs formed therein and a cup-shaped member is disposed within the crank chamber formed between the transverse walls of the crankcase to cover the cut-outs. The cup-shaped member has an opening adjacent the respective cylinder of a cylinder block extending from the upper crankcase for accommodating a connecting rod extending between the crankshaft and a piston in the respective cylinder of the cylinder block.

Abstract: An environmental scanning electron microscope is provided which is capable of maintaining a specimen at a temperature up to approximately 1500.degree. C. In this environmental scanning electron microscope, a specimen chamber maintains the specimen enveloped in gas in registration with a final pressure limiting aperture of the objective lens assembly. The specimen chamber includes a specimen stage having a sample platform for supporting the specimen under examination at a first vertical height and a specimen heating assembly which includes a non-inductively wound heater coil which is positioned closely adjacent to the sample platform and extends to a second vertical height which is significantly above the first vertical height so that the top of the specimen is maintained at a high temperature.

Abstract: An environmental scanning electron microscope is provided which is capable of only detecting backscattered electron signals emanating from the specimen with the detector assembly be positioned within the gaseous environment of the ESEM specimen chamber. This detector assembly includes a biased converter plate and a collection grid/collection plate/collector ring arrangement. The primary beam passes through the final pressure limiting aperture formed in the converter plate and then through a central aperture of the collection grid/plate/ring before striking the sample. The collection grid is held at ground potential and therefore does not collect secondary electron signals generated at the sample. The backscattered electrons are not collected by the collector grid/plate/ring and strike the converter plate creating converted backscattered electrons. The converted backscattered electrons are amplified in the gas by the electric field created between the converter plate and the collection grid.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic operating arrangement for actuating the intake and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine wherein a valve operating member is movably supported in axial alignment with a valve stem and engaged by an operating member spring which biases the valve operating member into engagement with the valve stem, the valve operating member has an armature disc movably supported thereon but held in engagement with a stop on the valve operating member by a spring arrangement which exerts a spring force smaller than the spring force exerted by the valve operating member spring but greater than the resultant of the valve closing and the valve operating springs such that the valve operating member is always in force-transmitting contact with the valve.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled, four-valve cylinder head for a multi-cylinder internal-combustion engine comprises a casting having a cooling-fluid space between the cylinder-head bottom and a cylinder-head cover in which supporting struts are arranged for reinforcing the cylinder-head bottom, valve channels of gas-reversing valves and chambers for receiving secondary combustion spaces. Above the cooling-fluid space is located a control space with guide housings for receiving the cup tappets for the actuation of the gas-reversing valves. In order to obtain a cylinder-head construction which is structurally rigid and nevertheless can easily be produced, the chambers are cast together with the valve channels within the cooling-fluid space. Further, the supporting struts are equipped with ribs projecting into adjacent combustion-space portions, and the lateral outer walls of the cylinder-head housing are connected to one another in the region of the control space by transverse booms.

Abstract: A sealing passage arrangement for a pipeline through a wall aperture in a housing of an internal combustion-engine is disclosed. The sealing passage arrangement is attached so as to be sealed by its housing edge delimiting the open side of the housing on a receiving surface and is constructed so that the disassembly of the housing can be done without previously stripping down the pipeline. A pipe connection is provided inside the housing before the housing is assembled, and an arrangement of the seal element in the wall aperture which can be effected simply, are provided. It is proposed for this purpose to construct the housing aperture extending from the housing edge into the housing wall, to provide in the latter a two-part seal element, to arrange one part of the latter upright on the receiving surface and to bring it into engagement with the other part retained in the edge aperture and to extend the pipeline between the two seal element parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mounting two camshafts in the cylinder head of a multi-cylinder in-line internal combustion engine having especially four valves per cylinder, the device comprising bearing housings supported on the cylinder-head housing. To make it possible to provide a cylinder head with small valve angles and with more than four cylinder-head screws per cylinder, the bearing housings are accommodated in a camshaft bearing frame consisting of longitudinal and transverse webs and produced separately from the cylinder-head housing.