Abstract: Systems and methods according to embodiments provide elasticity for complex event processing (CEP) systems. Embodiments may comprise at least the following three components: (1) incremental query optimization, (2) operator placement, and (3) cost explanation. Incremental query optimization allows avoiding simultaneous computation of identical results by performing operator-level query reuse and subsumption. Using automatic operator placement, a centralized CEP engine can be transformed into a distributed one by dynamically distributing and adjusting the execution according to unpredictable changes in data and query load. Cost explanation functionality can provide end users with near real-time insight into the monetary cost of the whole system, down to operator level granularity. Combination of these components allows a CEP system to be scaled up and down.

Abstract: A cost monitoring system can monitor a cost of queries executing in a complex event processing system, running on top of a pay-as-you-go cloud infrastructure. Certain embodiments may employ a generic, cloud-platform independent cost model, multi-query optimization, cost calculation, and/or operator placement techniques, in order to monitor and explain query cost down to an operator level. Certain embodiments may monitor costs in near real-time, as they are created. Embodiments may function independent of an underlying complex event processing system and the underlying cloud platform. Embodiments can optimize a work plan of the cloud-based system so as to minimize cost for the end user, matching the cost model of the underlying cloud platform.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a simple and new method for the homogeneous synthesis of cellulose ethers. Ionic liquids are not only used as solvent, but also as reaction media for the homogeneous etherification of cellulose. The dissolved cellulose is treated with the etherification agent in the absence of organic and/or inorganic bases and in the absence and/or in the presence of moderate amounts of water. The obtained cellulose ethers show new distributions of substitution on the polymer chain, resulting in new properties and applications.

Abstract: Various embodiments of systems and methods for a fault tolerance based query execution are described herein. Queries are received from users, the queries including operators. A multi-query optimization is performed on the operators included in the queries to obtain a query plan. A fault tolerance degree is determined for the operators included in the query plan. Based on the fault tolerance degree of the operators, nodes are assigned to the operators included in the query plan. The assigned nodes execute the operators included in the query plan to execute the queries. In one aspect, the nodes simultaneously execute the operators included in the query plan.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot melt adhesive, comprising at least one polysaccharide ester gained by a reaction of a polysaccharide with an imidazolide in melted imidazole. The invention relates, further, to a process for producing the hot melt adhesive, in which imidazole is melted, and an acid chloride and/or an acid anhydride and/or a lactone is reacted in and with the melted imidazole to form an imidazolide, whereby at least one polysaccharide is added to the melted imidazole, whereby the polysaccharide is reacted with the imidazolide to form a polysaccharide ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hot melt adhesive, comprising at least one polysaccharide ester gained by a reaction of a polysaccharide with an imidazolide in melted imidazole. The invention relates, further, to a process for producing the hot melt adhesive, in which imidazole is melted, and an acid chloride and/or an acid anhydride and/or a lactone is reacted in and with the melted imidazole to form an imidazolide, whereby at least one polysaccharide is added to the melted imidazole, whereby the polysaccharide is reacted with the imidazolide to form a polysaccharide ester.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a simple and new method for the homogeneous synthesis of cellulose ethers. Ionic liquids are not only used as solvent, but also as reaction media for the homogeneous etherification of cellulose. The dissolved cellulose is treated with the etherification agent in the absence of organic and/or inorganic bases and in the absence and/or in the presence of moderate amounts of water. The obtained cellulose ethers show new distributions of substitution on the polymer chain, resulting in new properties and applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to a motor vehicle that is provided with a device for testing the systems, functions or components of the vehicle. According to the invention, the vehicle is jacked-up and is equipped with an actuator or a driver to operate the brakes of the vehicle. The vehicle propulsion can rotate freely against the load of at least one brake of the vehicle and the freely rotating wheel or wheels have no frictional connection to the tread contact area of the vehicle. The brakes and/or the propulsion load can be controlled by actuators having a controller or by the driver in accordance with specific signals of the operating condition of the drive train of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating infectious diseases, that involves: (a) providing an alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative; and (b) inhibiting the growth of an infectious disease by administering a composition comprising the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative. The alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative represented by the following general formula I, in which: the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative has a degree of quaternary ammonium group substitution of from 0.4 to 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of treating infectious diseases, that involves: (a) providing an alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative; and (b) inhibiting the growth of an infectious disease by administering a composition comprising the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative. The alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative represented by the following general formula I, in which: the alpha-glycosidically linked starch polysaccharide derivative has a degree of quaternary ammonium group substitution of from 0.4 to 2.

Abstract: A method for controlling exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes controlling operation of the engine to fluctuate a lambda value of a raw exhaust gas at the lambda probe, exhibiting two-step action and disposed upstream of a three-way catalytic converter located in an exhaust tract, about a predetermined mean value. In a trimming controller, a concentration of an exhaust gas component downstream of the converter is measured with an amperometric-measuring sensor made from a solid-state electrolyte. In the sensor's first measuring cell, an oxygen concentration is measured through a first Nernst voltage between a first electrode and a reference electrode exposed to ambient air, and is controlled by a first oxygen-ion pumping current between the first electrode and an outer electrode of the sensor. In the second measuring cell of the sensor, the oxygen concentration is measured through a second Nernst voltage between the second and reference electrodes.