Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis fluid generation system including water purification equipment configured to provide purified water; a presterilized tubing set including a container for storing peritoneal dialysis fluid; at least one glucose or buffer concentrate; and a hemodialysis machine in fluid communication with the water purification equipment. The hemodialysis machine includes at least one mixing pump for mixing the at least one glucose or buffer concentrate with the purified water to form peritoneal dialysis fluid, a dialysis fluid pump for delivering the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container, and a control unit configured to control the at least one mixing pump to form the peritoneal dialysis fluid and the dialysis fluid pump to deliver the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container.

Abstract: A medical fluid generation system is disclosed. In an example, a peritoneal dialysis fluid generation system includes water purification equipment configured to provide purified water; a presterilized tubing set including a container for storing peritoneal dialysis fluid; at least one glucose or buffer concentrate; and a hemodialysis machine in fluid communication with the water purification equipment. The hemodialysis machine includes at least one mixing pump for mixing the at least one glucose or buffer concentrate with the purified water to form peritoneal dialysis fluid, a dialysis fluid pump for delivering the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container, and a control unit configured to control the at least one mixing pump to form the peritoneal dialysis fluid and the dialysis fluid pump to deliver the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container.

Abstract: A mobile dialysis fluid generation system includes a cargo unit configured to be transported by a vehicle; a cleanroom located inside the cargo unit; water purification equipment; at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit located inside the cleanroom; and at least one area provided outside the cleanroom but inside the cargo unit for storing at least one of a raw material or containers filled with dialysis fluid. The at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit includes at least one concentrate, a mixing device configured to receive purified water from the water purification equipment and to mix the purified water with the at least one concentrate to form dialysis fluid, and a tubing set for transfer of the dialysis fluid from the mixing device to a container positioned and arranged to receive the dialysis fluid.

Abstract: A water supply system is operable to extract liquid water, EW, from waste fluid, WF, generated by a dialysis system and to provide the liquid water for use by the dialysis system. The water supply system comprises a dehumidifier sub-system and a humidifier sub-system. A gas stream is circulated between the sub-systems and is alternately humidified and dehumidified. The liquid water is extracted from the gas stream by the dehumidifier sub-system. The humidifier sub-system comprises a membrane distillation unit with a feed side and a draw side separated by a hydrophobic membrane. The waste fluid is supplied on the feed side and the gas stream is supplied on the draw side, and water vapor is transported from the waste fluid through the membrane via a difference in partial water vapor pressure between the feed and draw sides.

Abstract: A dialysis system comprises a supply sub-system, a storage sub-system, a treatment sub-system, and a control device. The supply sub-system is arranged to supply a fluid to the storage sub-system and comprises a heating device for heating the fluid. The storage sub-system comprises a non-heated reservoir for receiving the fluid from the supply sub-system. The treatment sub-system is configured to obtain the fluid from the storage sub-system for use in dialysis treatment. The control device operates the supply sub-system to perform a sequence of fluid supply cycles causing a sequence of time-separated boluses of the fluid to be supplied to the reservoir, with each fluid supply cycle being assigned a target temperature and comprising a predefined number of boluses. The supply sub-system is operated to achieve, through the predefined number of boluses, the target temperature of the fluid in the reservoir for the respective fluid supply cycle.

Abstract: Plasma electrolyte management system, methods, and apparatus for continuous renal replacement therapies (RRT) are disclosed. The example system, methods, and apparatus use one or more kinetic physiological models to calculate a current electrolyte rate of change in plasma sodium or other electrolytes based on current data for patient weight, input/output of water, sodium, and potassium (e.g., input/output of known infusions, dialysis, urine, blood loss, etc.) This input/output data is acquired through known data, such as infusion data, dialysis data, urine data, and blood loss data, which are typically stored to a patient's electronic medical record (“EMR”) as the data is generated/received. The use of available point-in-time input/output data to generate accurate electrolyte concentration estimations means that fewer (or none) blood tests are needed, thereby providing accurate electrolyte determinations without frequent burdensome blood analyses.

Abstract: Ultrafiltration (UF) is monitored in a weight-based system for extracorporeal blood treatment. The system comprises a container holding a fluid that is pumped to or from a dialyzer by a pump. The container is intermittently refilled or drained by an adjustment arrangement during a level adjustment period (LAP). A scale measures the weight of the container. A monitoring device is operated to determine, before and after the LAP while the adjustment arrangement is deactivated and the pump is operated at a known setting, first and second values of a parameter of the pump based on a weight signal from the scale. The parameter may be flow rate or stroke volume. The monitoring device estimates a time profile for the parameter during the LAP based on the first and second values and determines the UF parameter based on the time profile.

Abstract: A system comprises a fluid generation arrangement (FGA), a user interface (UI), and a control unit. The FGA is operable to mix one or more concentrates with water to generate a treatment fluid for use in renal replacement therapy. The control unit is connected to the UI and arranged to configure the FGA by a computer-implemented method. In the method, the control unit receives, from the UI, a candidate set value of a selected component of the treatment fluid, calculates, for the candidate set value, a calculated composition of the treatment fluid, and displays, on the UI, a respective concentration value of one or more components other than the selected component in the calculated composition. By the system, a caretaker is made aware of consequential changes in the composition of the treatment fluid, in addition the selected component.

Abstract: A system comprises a first device and a second device which establish a fluid path between a pump in the first device and a container in the second device through a valve in the second device. A control unit in the second device selectively operates the valve to open the fluid path. The second device is configured to supply a medical fluid by use of a first fluid received from the first device on the fluid path. A control unit in the first device measures fluid pressure in the fluid path and operates to, intermittently during operation of the second device, activate the pump to pump the first fluid into the fluid path and, when the fluid pressure in the fluid path indicates that the valve is closed, deactivate the pump. The first device is operable to replenish the container without being synchronized with the second device.

Abstract: A system and a method for renal replacement therapy includes a blood treatment unit connected to a blood circuit and a dialysis fluid circuit, the system further including a control unit configured to control the system according to control instructions during a treatment, so as to determine a system parameter value and an indication of membrane fouling of the membrane, and activate an automatic anti-fouling measure that includes a temporary change of the flow rate in the blood circuit and a temporary decrease of the ultrafiltration rate wherein a timing of the temporary change and a timing of the temporary reduction are synchronized.

Abstract: Dialysis machines comprising a feed arrangement to supply a dialysis fluid to a dialyzer during dialysis treatment and a return arrangement to remove the dialysis fluid from the dialyzer during dialysis treatment and forward it to an exit; a feed recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the feed arrangement to be re-circulated in a fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the feed arrangement and the feed recirculation circuit and a return recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the return arrangement to re-circulate in an auxiliary fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the return arrangement and the return recirculation circuit. A controller configured to perform disinfection by re-circulating a disinfectant and/or a heated fluid through said fluid loop path and/or through said auxiliary fluid loop path.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus includes a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid, and a sensor (11) for measuring conductivity of the dialysate (i.e. spent dialysis fluid); a control unit (12) configured for setting a sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid and after setting the dialysis fluid at the initial set point, circulating the dialysis fluid and blood through the filtration unit (2), measuring an initial conductivity value of the dialysate at the beginning of the treatment, and calculating, based on the measured initial conductivity value and on the corresponding conductivity value of the dialysis fluid, the value of the initial plasma conductivity, said circulating of the dialysis fluid up to the calculating of the initial plasma conductivity performed by maintaining the dialysis fluid conductivity substantially constant.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit connected to a blood circuit and to a dialysis fluid circuit, a preparation device for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit is configured for determining or receiving a proposed value of a sodium concentration for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line and to determine a set value for the sodium concentration in the dialysis fluid as a function of the proposed value. For at least an interval of proposed values for the sodium concentration, the control unit is configured to determine the set value so that the set value is different from the proposed value and so that distinct set values are determined from distinct proposed values. The set value is biased towards a predetermined pivot value.

Abstract: A mobile dialysis fluid generation system includes a cargo unit configured to be transported by a vehicle; a cleanroom located inside the cargo unit; water purification equipment; at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit located inside the cleanroom; and at least one area provided outside the cleanroom but inside the cargo unit for storing at least one of a raw material or containers filled with dialysis fluid. The at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit includes at least one concentrate, a mixing device configured to receive purified water from the water purification equipment and to mix the purified water with the at least one concentrate to form dialysis fluid, a tubing set for transfer of the dialysis fluid from the mixing device to a container positioned and arranged to receive the dialysis fluid.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis fluid generation system including water purification equipment configured to provide purified water; a presterilized tubing set including a container for storing peritoneal dialysis fluid; at least one glucose or buffer concentrate; and a hemodialysis machine in fluid communication with the water purification equipment. The hemodialysis machine includes at least one mixing pump for mixing the at least one glucose or buffer concentrate with the purified water to form peritoneal dialysis fluid, a dialysis fluid pump for delivering the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container, and a control unit configured to control the at least one mixing pump to form the peritoneal dialysis fluid and the dialysis fluid pump to deliver the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container.

Abstract: A medical fluid generation system is disclosed. In an example, a peritoneal dialysis fluid generation system includes water purification equipment configured to provide purified water; a presterilized tubing set including a container for storing peritoneal dialysis fluid; at least one glucose or buffer concentrate; and a hemodialysis machine in fluid communication with the water purification equipment. The hemodialysis machine includes at least one mixing pump for mixing the at least one glucose or buffer concentrate with the purified water to form peritoneal dialysis fluid, a dialysis fluid pump for delivering the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container, and a control unit configured to control the at least one mixing pump to form the peritoneal dialysis fluid and the dialysis fluid pump to deliver the peritoneal dialysis fluid to the container.

Abstract: A mobile dialysis fluid generation system includes a cargo unit configured to be transported by a vehicle; a cleanroom located inside the cargo unit; water purification equipment; at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit located inside the cleanroom; and at least one area provided outside the cleanroom but inside the cargo unit for storing at least one of a raw material or containers filled with dialysis fluid. The at least one dialysis fluid preparation unit includes at least one concentrate, a mixing device configured to receive purified water from the water purification equipment and to mix the purified water with the at least one concentrate to form dialysis fluid, and a tubing set for transfer of the dialysis fluid from the mixing device to a container positioned and arranged to receive the dialysis fluid.

Abstract: A blood treatment apparatus is disclosed. The example apparatus includes a blood treatment unit including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet and a blood line. The apparatus also includes a fluid line including an upstream fluid line configured to receive electrically conductive treatment fluid from a fluid source and pass the electrically conductive treatment fluid to the fluid inlet of the blood treatment unit and a downstream fluid line connected to the fluid outlet of the blood treatment unit for delivering the used electrically conductive treatment fluid to a fluid sink. The apparatus further includes a flow divider arranged in the downstream fluid line and configured to separate the used electrically conductive treatment fluid in the downstream fluid line into to a first fluid section and a second fluid section, thereby electrically isolating the first and second fluid sections.

Abstract: Dialysis machines comprising a feed arrangement to supply a dialysis fluid to a dialyzer during dialysis treatment and a return arrangement to remove the dialysis fluid from the dialyzer during dialysis treatment and forward it to an exit; a feed recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the feed arrangement to be re-circulated in a fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the feed arrangement and the feed recirculation circuit and a return recirculation circuit to allow a fluid of the return arrangement to re-circulate in an auxiliary fluid loop path comprising, at least a portion of, the return arrangement and the return recirculation circuit. A controller configured to perform disinfection by re-circulating a disinfectant and/or a heated fluid through said fluid loop path and/or through said auxiliary fluid loop path.

Abstract: An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid, and a sensor (11) for measuring conductivity of the dialysate (i.e.