Abstract: An internal combustion engine having: a cylinder block defining a cylinder; a cylinder head defining a seat; a piston; a crankshaft, the piston, cylinder, and cylinder head defining a variable volume combustion chamber therebetween; an air intake passage; an exhaust passage; a fuel injector; and a combustion pre-chamber housing connected to the cylinder head and extending in part into the combustion chamber. The housing has: a tapering portion; and a tip connected to the tapering portion. The tapering portion abuts the seat. The tapering portion tapers toward the tip. The seat and the tapering portion of the housing have corresponding shapes. The housing defines: a combustion pre-chamber; and at least one orifice fluidly communicating the combustion pre-chamber with the combustion chamber. A spring biases the tapering portion of the housing against the seat of the cylinder head. A spark plug is connected to the combustion pre-chamber housing.

Abstract: A feeder for a cartridge magazine for a portable firearm includes: a first cartridge supporting surface at an upper region; a second cartridge supporting surface, the first cartridge supporting surface and the second cartridge supporting surface being arranged in a third spatial direction spaced at a distance from one another in such a way that a cartridge for the portable firearm is movable along the feeder in a direction of a front region; a front guide part including a front support surface; and a rear guide part including a rear support surface, a rigid part, and a movable part, the rear support surface including a first support surface and a second support surface, the first support surface being on the rigid part, the second support surface being on the movable part.

Abstract: A housing section for a cartridge magazine for a portable firearm, the housing section including: a housing section shell including an inside shell surface, an outside shell surface, and an interior space which forms a first region and a second region; a housing section top side having a first opening cross section; a housing section bottom side having a second opening cross section; a first cross section forming the first region and being configured for accommodating a first number of rows of a plurality of cartridges arranged next to one another; and a second cross section forming the second region and being configured for accommodating a second number of rows of the plurality of cartridges arranged side-by-side, the second number and the first number differing from one another by at least one full numerical value, the first cross section being consistent with the first opening cross section.

Abstract: A small firearm includes: a receiver; a barrel including a barrel bore axis; an action including a bolt head; and a guide surface, the receiver being configured for (i) at least indirectly receiving the barrel including a locking mechanism area, a chamber, a guide area, and a muzzle arranged successively in the longitudinal direction, and (ii) at least indirectly receiving the action movably arranged within the receiver along the longitudinal direction from an open position to a closed position, the guide surface, which is within a locking space, being configured such that at least one of (i) an entry of a cartridge case under an influence of a torque during a movement of the action from a closed position to an open position is limited due to an interaction of an ejector and an extractor and (ii) an exit of the cartridge case is favored.

Abstract: Structures having backside high voltage capacitors for front side GaN-based devices are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a front side structure including a GaN-based device layer, and one or more metallization layers above the GaN-based device layer. A backside structure is below and coupled to the GaN-based layer, the backside structure including metal layers and one or more alternating laterally-recessed metal insulator metal capacitors.

Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) devices with through-silicon vias for integrated circuit technology are described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a layer including gallium and nitrogen, the layer including gallium and nitrogen above a silicon substrate. A backside structure is below the silicon substrate and opposite the layer including gallium and nitrogen, the backside structure including conductive features and dielectric structures. The integrated circuit structure also includes a plurality of through-silicon via power bars having a staggered arrangement, individual ones of the through-silicon via power bars extending through the layer including gallium and nitrogen and through the silicon substrate to a corresponding one of the conductive features of the backside structure, and individual ones of the through-silicon via power bars having a tapered portion coupled to an essentially vertical portion.

Abstract: A housing section for a cartridge magazine for a portable firearm, the housing section including: a housing section shell including an inside shell surface, an outside shell surface, and an interior space which forms a first region and a second region; a housing section top side having a first opening cross section; a housing section bottom side having a second opening cross section; a first cross section forming the first region and being configured for accommodating a first number of rows of a plurality of cartridges arranged next to one another; and a second cross section forming the second region and being configured for accommodating a second number of rows of the plurality of cartridges arranged side-by-side, the second number and the first number differing from one another by at least one full numerical value, the first cross section being consistent with the first opening cross section.

Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) layer transfer for integrated circuit technology is described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a substrate including silicon. A first layer including gallium and nitrogen is over a first region of the substrate, the first layer having a gallium-polar orientation with a top crystal plane consisting of a gallium face. A second layer including gallium and nitrogen is over a second region of the substrate, the second layer having a nitrogen-polar orientation with a top crystal plane consisting of a nitrogen face.

Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) epitaxy on patterned substrates for integrated circuit technology is described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a material layer including gallium and nitrogen, the material layer having a first side and a second side opposite the first side. A plurality of fins is on the first side of the material layer, the plurality of fins including silicon. A device layer is on the second side of the material layer, the device layer including one or more GaN-based devices.

Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) integrated circuit technology with multi-layer epitaxy and layer transfer is described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a first channel structure including a plurality of alternating first channel layers and second channel layers, the first channel layers including gallium and nitrogen, and the second layers including gallium, aluminum and nitrogen. A second channel structure is bonded to the first channel structure. The second channel structure includes a plurality of alternating third channel layers and fourth channel layers, the third channel layers including gallium and nitrogen, and the fourth layers including gallium, aluminum and nitrogen.

Abstract: Gallium nitride (GaN) layer transfer and regrowth for integrated circuit technology is described. In an example, an integrated circuit structure includes a substrate. An insulator layer is over the substrate. A device layer is directly on the insulator layer. The device layer has a thickness of less than approximately 500 nanometers.

Abstract: A feeder for a cartridge magazine for a portable firearm includes: a first cartridge supporting surface at an upper region; a second cartridge supporting surface, the first cartridge supporting surface and the second cartridge supporting surface being arranged in a third spatial direction spaced at a distance from one another in such a way that a cartridge for the portable firearm is movable along the feeder in a direction of a front region; a front guide part including a front support surface; and a rear guide part including a rear support surface, a rigid part, and a movable part, the rear support surface including a first support surface and a second support surface, the first support surface being on the rigid part, the second support surface being on the movable part.

Abstract: A power output circuit supplies an audio power output signal that is adjusted to prevent clipping when needed based on an estimate of available energy from the power supply supplying the power output circuit. The power output circuit may be an audio power output circuit that generates an audio power output signal from samples of an audio program that are stored in a buffer. A processing block determines an energy requirement for producing the audio power output signal from the audio program and adjusts an amplitude of the audio power output signal in conformity with the determined energy requirement and an available energy determined for the power supply so that the audio power output signal is reproduced without clipping of the audio power output signal.

Abstract: A housing for a cartridge magazine for a firearm including an interior space consisting of a first and a second region. Between the first and the second region a transitional region is formed which connects the first and second region with one another. The inside surface of the front wall extends in the direction of the Z-axis in at least one region along a first circular path, the inside surface of the rear wall extends in at least one region in the direction of the Z-axis along a second circular path. The first region is designed for accommodation of four stacks of cartridges arranged directly adjoining one other and preferably offset in Z-direction relative to one another. The second region being designed for accommodation of two stacks of cartridges arranged directly adjoining one another and preferably offset in Z-direction relative to one another.

Abstract: A power output circuit supplies an audio power output signal that is adjusted to prevent clipping when needed based on an estimate of available energy from the power supply supplying the power output circuit. The power output circuit may be an audio power output circuit that generates an audio power output signal from samples of an audio program that are stored in a buffer. A processing block determines an energy requirement for producing the audio power output signal from the audio program and adjusts an amplitude of the audio power output signal in conformity with the determined energy requirement and an available energy determined for the power supply so that the audio power output signal is reproduced without clipping of the audio power output signal.

Abstract: A method may include controlling switching behavior of switches of a switch-mode power supply based on a desired physical quantity associated with the switch-mode power supply, wherein the desired physical quantity is based at least in part on a slope compensation signal, generating the slope compensation signal to have a compensation value of approximately zero as seen by a compensation control loop of the switch-mode power supply, and modifying the slope compensation signal on successive switching cycles of the switch-mode power supply to account for differences in an output of the compensation control loop and an average current of an inductor of the switch-mode power supply in at least one phase of a switching period of a switching cycle of the switch-mode power supply.

Abstract: In a signal path comprising an analog path portion configured to operate in a plurality of output impedance modes including a high impedance mode with a first impedance and a low impedance mode with a second impedance, and a digital path portion having a variable digital gain and configured to convert a digital input signal and into an analog signal provided to the analog path portion, a method may include responsive to a condition for switching between the high impedance mode and the low impedance mode or vice versa, transitioning the output impedance continuously or in a series of steps between the first impedance and the second impedance or vice versa and, contemporaneously with transitioning the output impedance, transitioning the variable digital gain continuously or in a series of steps such to maintain a substantially constant overall path gain for the signal path remains substantially constant during transition.

Abstract: A system may include a digital modulator configured to modulate an input signal received at an input of the digital modulator to generate a modulated input signal at an output of the digital modulator, a digital gain element having a digital gain and coupled to the digital modulator, an open-loop Class-D amplifier coupled to an output of the digital modulator and configured to amplify the modulated input signal, wherein the open-loop Class-D amplifier is powered from a variable power supply having a variable supply voltage which is variable in response to one or more characteristics of the input signal, and a control circuit configured to control the digital gain to approximately cancel changes in an analog gain of the open-loop Class-D amplifier due to variation in the variable supply voltage in response to the one or more characteristics of the input signal.

Abstract: A housing for a cartridge magazine for a firearm including an interior space consisting of a first and a second region. Between the first and the second region a transitional region is formed which connects the first and second region with one another. The inside surface of the front wall extends in the direction of the Z-axis in at least one region along a first circular path, the inside surface of the rear wall extends in at least one region in the direction of the Z-axis along a second circular path. The first region is designed for accommodation of four stacks of cartridges arranged directly adjoining one other and preferably offset in Z-direction relative to one another. The second region being designed for accommodation of two stacks of cartridges arranged directly adjoining one another and preferably offset in Z-direction relative to one another.

Abstract: A method may include controlling switching behavior of switches of a switch-mode power supply based on a desired physical quantity associated with the switch-mode power supply, wherein the desired physical quantity is based at least in part on a slope compensation signal, generating the slope compensation signal to have a compensation value of approximately zero as seen by a compensation control loop of the switch-mode power supply, and modifying the slope compensation signal on successive switching cycles of the switch-mode power supply to account for differences in an output of the compensation control loop and an average current of an inductor of the switch-mode power supply in at least one phase of a switching period of a switching cycle of the switch-mode power supply.