Abstract: The present invention relates to a consumable product that includes a consumable component and a cooling component present in an amount sufficient to provide a cooling sensation to a consumer, which cooling component includes one or more compounds each having the general formula: 1

Abstract: The disclosed system implements a novel method for personalized filtering of information and automated generation of user-specific recommendations. The system uses a statistical latent class model, also known as Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, to integrate data including textual and other content descriptions of items to be searched, user profiles, demographic information, query logs of previous searches, and explicit user ratings of items. The disclosed system learns one or more statistical models based on available data. The learning may be reiterated once additional data is available. The statistical model, once learned, is utilized in various ways: to make predictions about item relevance and user preferences on un-rated items, to generate recommendation lists of items, to generate personalized search result lists, to disambiguate a users query, to refine a search, to compute similarities between items or users, and for data mining purposes such as identifying user communities.

Abstract: An alkali-free accelerator for sprayed concrete is prepared by dissolving aluminium sulphate and amorphous aluminium hydroxide in water which optionally contains one amine, and optionally adding at least one stabiliser, selected from hydroxycarboxylic acid and phosphoric acids and non-alkaline salts thereof, and at least one defoaming agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermally tempered safety glass comprising an non-abrasive and porous SiO2 layer which is stable during sintering and has a refractive index of between 1.25 and 1.40. The inventive safety glass can be obtained by coating standard soda-lime glass with an aqueous coating solution having a pH value of between 3 and 8 and containing between 0.5 and 5.0 wt. % of [SiOx(OH)y]n particles (0<y< and 0<x<2) having a particle size of between 10 and 60 nm, and a surfactant mixture. The coated glass is then dried, thermally hardened at temperatures of at least 600° C. for several minutes, and thermally tempered by a flow of air.

Abstract: An automatic F2 laser gas control, for a modular high repetition rate ultraviolet gas discharge laser. The laser gas control includes techniques, monitors, and processor for monitoring the F2 consumption rates through the operating life of the laser system. These consumption rates are used by a processor programmed with an algorithm to determine F2 injections needed to maintain laser beam quality within a delivery range. Preferred embodiments include F2 controls for a two-chamber MOPA laser system.

Abstract: The disclosed system implements a novel method for personalized filtering of information and automated generation of user-specific recommendations. The system uses a statistical latent class model, also known as Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, to integrate data including textual and other content descriptions of items to be searched, user profiles, demographic information, query logs of previous searches, and explicit user ratings of items. The disclosed system learns one or more statistical models based on available data. The learning may be reiterated once additional data is available. The statistical model, once learned, is utilized in various ways: to make predictions about item relevance and user preferences on un-rated items, to generate recommendation lists of items, to generate personalized search result lists, to disambiguate a users query, to refine a search, to compute similarities between items or users, and for data mining purposes such as identifying user communities.

Abstract: A feedthrough structure of a gas discharge laser chamber conducts electric power through the wall of a sealed gas enclosure to a single piece elongated electrode inside the enclosure. The feedthrough structure includes a single piece integrated main insulator larger than the electrode. The main insulator is compressed between the electrode and the wall of the enclosure. The surfaces forming interfaces between the electrode and the single piece insulator are the insulator and the wall are all very smooth to permit the parts to expand and contract as the chamber temperature varies. The feedthrough structure also provides mechanical support and alignment for the electrode and includes seals to prevent gas leakage around the feedthrough structure.

Abstract: An injection needle comprising a needle tip, elastically connected to a needle shaft by means of a connector piece. A damping of the force with which the needle tip hits the corresponding sealing seat is possible by means of the elastic connection. The load on the sealing seat is thus reduced.

Abstract: A simple, reliable, easy to use method for calculating bandwidth data of very narrow band laser beams based on bandwidth data obtained with a spectrometer in circumstances where the laser bandwidths are not large compared to the slit function of the spectrometer. The slit function of the spectrometer is determined. Spectral data of the laser beam is measured with the spectrometer to produce a measured laser beam spectrum which represents a convolution of the laser beam spectrum and the spectrometer slit function. This measured laser spectrum is then mathematically convolved with the slit function of the spectrometer to produce a doubly convolved spectrum. Bandwidth values representing true laser bandwidths are determined from measured laser spectrum and the doubly convolved spectrum. Preferably the true laser bandwidths are calculated by determining the difference between “twice a measured laser bandwidth” and a corresponding “doubly convolved bandwidth”.

Abstract: The present invention provides an injection seeded modular gas discharge laser system capable of producing high quality pulsed laser beams at pulse rates of about 4,000 Hz or greater and at pulse energies of about 5 to 10 mJ or greater for integrated outputs of about 20 to 40 Watts or greater. Two separate discharge chambers are provided, one of which is a part of a master oscillator producing a very narrow band seed beam which is amplified in the second discharge chamber. The parameters chamber can be controlled separately permitting optimization of wavelength parameters in the master oscillator and optimization of pulse energy parameters in the amplifying chamber. A preferred embodiment is a F2 laser system configured as a MOPA and specifically designed for use as a light source for integrated circuit lithography. In this preferred embodiment, both of the chambers and the laser optics are mounted on a vertical optical table within a laser enclosure.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions including a compound of general formula: alone or in combination, as an ingredient for food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and perfume compositions, wherein R1 includes N-Pyrrolidinyl, N-Pyridinyl, N-(amino-diethyl), N-(2-carboxy-pyrrolidinyl), N-(2-Methoxycarbonyl-pyrrolidinyl), or a combination thereof; R2 includes hydrogen, methyl, or a combination thereof; X includes methylene, ethylidene, 1-Propylidene, oxy radical, or a combination thereof; and Y includes methylene, ethylidene, 1-propylidene, oxy radical, ethan-1,2-diyl, ethen-1,2-diyl, propan-1,2-diyl, ethan-1,2-oxy-1,2-yl, or a combination thereof. Food products containing such compositions, as well as methods of imparting a cooling effect on a consumer's skin, are also included.

Abstract: A reliable modular production quality ArF excimer laser capable of producing laser pulses at repetition rates in the range of 3,000 to 4,000 Hz or greater with pulse energies in the range of about 2 mJ to 5 mJ or greater with a full width half, maximum bandwidth of about 0.4 pm or less and dose stability of less than 0.4 percent. Using this laser as an illumination source, stepper or scanner equipment can produce integrated circuit resolution of 0.10 &mgr;m (100 nm) or less. Replaceable modules include a laser chamber; a modular pulse power system; and a line narrowing module. For a given laser power output, the higher repetition rate provides two important advantages. The lower per pulse energy means less optical damage and the larger number of pulses for a specified illumination dose means better dose stability.

Abstract: A method and composition for treatment and prophylaxis of snoring, sleep apnea or sudden infant death syndrome and for improvement of nasal breathing in mammals by nasal and/or pharyngeal administration of tyloxapol or a related alkylaryl polyether alcohol polymer. A spray, liquid or solid composition comprising from about 0.01 to about 20% (w/v), equivalent to about 100 &mgr;g/ml to about 200 mg/ml, of tyloxapol or another alkylaryl polyether alcohol polymer alone or in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients and additives. The composition is administered as a spray, liquid, liquid drops, lozenges or powder suitable for nasal and/or pharyngeal application.

Abstract: The present invention provides gas discharge laser systems capable of reliable long-term operation in a production line capacity at repetition rates in the range of 6,000 to 10,0000 pulses power second. Preferred embodiments are configured as KrF, ArF and F2 lasers used for light sources for integrated circuit lithography. Improvements include a modified high voltage power supply capable for charging an initial capacitor of a magnetic compression pulse power system to precise target voltages 6,000 to 10,0000 times per second and a feedback control for monitoring pulse energy and determining the target voltages on a pulse-by-pulse basis. Several techniques are disclosed for removing discharge created debris from the discharge region between the laser electrodes during the intervals between discharges. In one embodiment the width of the discharge region is reduced from about 3 mm to about 1 mm so that a gas circulation system designed for 4,000 Hz operation could be utilized for 10,000 Hz operation.

Abstract: A feedthrough structure of a gas discharge laser chamber conducts electric power through the wall of a sealed gas enclosure to a single piece elongated electrode inside the enclosure. The feedthrough structure includes a single piece integrated main insulator larger than the electrode. The main insulator is compressed between the electrode and the wall of the enclosure. The surfaces forming interfaces between the electrode and the single piece insulator are the insulator and the wall are all very smooth to permit the parts to expand and contract as the chamber temperature varies. The feedthrough structure also provides mechanical support and alignment for the electrode and includes seals to prevent gas leakage around the feedthrough structure.

Abstract: An alkali-free accelerator for sprayed concrete is prepared by dissolving aluminium sulphate in water and amorphous aluminium hydroxide in water optionally containing amine, and optionally adding at least one stabiliser, selected from hydroxycarboxylic acids and phosphoric acids and non-alkaline salts thereof, and at least one defoaming agent.

Abstract: A simple, reliable, easy to use method for calculating bandwidth data of very narrow band laser beams based on bandwidth data obtained with a spectrometer in circumstances where the laser bandwidths are not large compared to the slit function of the spectrometer. The slit function of the spectrometer is determined. Spectral data of the laser beam is measured with the spectrometer to produce a measured laser beam spectrum which represents a convolution of the laser beam spectrum and the spectrometer slit function. This measured laser spectrum is then mathematically convolved with the slit function of the spectrometer to produce a doubly convolved spectrum. Bandwidth values representing true laser bandwidths are determined from measured laser spectrum and the doubly convolved spectrum. Preferably the true laser bandwidths are calculated by determining the difference between “twice a measured laser bandwidth” and a corresponding “doubly convolved bandwidth”.

Abstract: The disclosed system implements a novel method for personalized filtering of information and automated generation of user-specific recommendations. The system uses a statistical latent class model, also known as Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis, to integrate data including textual and other content descriptions of items to be searched, user profiles, demographic information, query logs of previous searches, and explicit user ratings of items. The disclosed system learns one or more statistical models based on available data. The learning may be reiterated once additional data is available. The statistical model, once learned, is utilized in various ways: to make predictions about item relevance and user preferences on un-rated items, to generate recommendation lists of items, to generate personalized search result lists, to disambiguate a users query, to refine a search, to compute similarities between items or users, and for data mining purposes such as identifying user communities.

Abstract: A tunable injection seeded very narrow band F2 lithography laser. The laser combines modular design features of prior art long life reliable lithography lasers with special techniques to produce a seed beam operated in a first gain medium which beam is used to stimulate narrow band lasing in a second gain medium to produce a very narrow band laser beam useful for integrated circuit lithography. In a preferred embodiment, two tunable etalon output couplers are used to narrow band an F2 laser and the output of the seed laser is amplified in an F2 amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reliable modular production quality excimer laser capable of producing 10 mJ laser pulses in the range of 1000 Hz to 2000 Hz or greater. Replaceable modules include a laser chamber; a pulse power system comprised of three modules; an optical resonator comprised of a line narrowing module and an output coupler module; a wavemeter module, an electrical control module, a cooling water module and a gas control module. Important improvements have been provided in the pulse power unit to produce faster rise time and improved pulse energy control. These improvements include an increased capacity high voltage power supply with a voltage bleed-down circuit for precise voltage trimming, an improved communication module that generates a high voltage pulse from the capacitors charged by the high voltage power supply and amplifies the pulse voltage 23 times with a very fast voltage transformer having a secondary winding consisting of a single four-segment stainless steel rod.