Abstract: A low-bacteria milk powder with a high WPNI is suggested, which is obtainable by (a) providing a raw milk; (b) heating the raw milk in at least one tubular heat exchanger to a temperature of at least 20° C.; (c) separating the cream, obtaining a skimmed milk; (d) pasteurising the skimmed milk in a tubular heat exchanger for a period from 10 to 60 seconds at a temperature from 72 to 75° C.; (e) evaporating the pasteurised skimmed milk to a dry matter content from 35 to 55% by weight; and (f) drying the pasteurised skimmed milk concentrate in a spray tower.

Abstract: A low-bacteria milk powder with a high WPNI is suggested, which is obtainable by (a) providing a raw milk; (b) heating the raw milk in at least one tubular heat exchanger to a temperature of at least 20° C.; (c) separating the cream, obtaining a skimmed milk; (d) pasteurising the skimmed milk in a tubular heat exchanger for a period from 10 to 60 seconds at a temperature from 72 to 75° C.; (e) evaporating the pasteurised skimmed milk to a dry matter content from 35 to 55% by weight; and (f) drying the pasteurised skimmed milk concentrate in a spray tower.

Abstract: Measurement of bladed rotors and, more particularly, speed measurement of bladed rotors in a turbine engine using microwave probes is described. In one embodiment, an apparatus for measuring bladed includes a microwave sensor that radiates a microwave signal toward a bladed rotor and receives a reflected microwave signal from the bladed rotor, a radio frequency module that generates the microwave signal radiated by the microwave sensor and down-converts the reflected microwave signal into a down-converted signal, and a main processing module configured to generate an output pulse train signal representative of a speed of the bladed rotor based on the down-converted signal. In another embodiment, a method for measuring bladed rotors is described including radiating a microwave signal, receiving a reflected microwave signal, down-converting the reflected microwave signal, and generating an output pulse train signal representative of a speed of a bladed rotor based on the down-converted signal.

Abstract: A method is proposed for actuating an electromagnetic load (3) which can be switched between at least two switching states, particularly a magnetic valve, wherein switching between a first and a second of the switching states takes place as a result of a current flowing through the load (3) by means of applying an electrical voltage to said load (3). Provision is thereby made for the voltage to be clocked upon application thereof to said load (3) if due to the applied voltage the switching process would occur without clocking outside of a current ramp-up. The invention furthermore relates to an electrical circuit for actuating an electromagnetic load (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric circuit configuration for switching an electrical load (3), particularly a solenoid valve, by means of at least one switching means (5) associated with the consumer (3), particularly a transistor. The circuit configuration comprises at least one analysis circuit comprising at least one measuring resistor (17) connected in series with the switching means (5), at least one first analysis means (23) for determining a parameter corresponding to the short-circuit current, and at least one second analysis means (25) for determining a parameter corresponding to the consumer current. The circuit configuration is characterized in that the first analysis means (23) is connected in parallel with the measurement resistor (17).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (1) for operating an exhaust gas post-treatment device, particularly of a motor vehicle, wherein the arrangement (1) comprises a plurality of consumers (3-12) and a controller (2), wherein the controller (2) comprises at least one switching device (13) for switching the consumers (3-12) on and off. According to the invention, the consumers (3-12) are grouped according to function, and connected to one switch (17-21) each of the switching device (13). The invention further relates to a method for operating an exhaust post-treatment device.

Abstract: A method for identifying a short circuit to the positive terminal of a battery in a circuit of a motor vehicle. An electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is actuated by a control device (120) and has at least one electrical switch which switches on and off loads (110, 111, 112), the switching state of said switches being reported to the control device (120) and determines that operation is fault-free when the connected loads (110, 111, 112) are supplied with voltage when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched on and a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is produced at the circuit breaker when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched off, switching off the supply voltage by the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is detected at the end of a driving cycle of the motor vehicle. A fault is determined when a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is not produced at the electrical switch.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (1) for operating an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, in particular of a motor vehicle, having a plurality of active sensors (3-8) and a control device (2) that comprises at least one voltage supply unit (9) to which the sensors (3-8) are operatively connected. According to the invention, the voltage supply unit (9) comprises at least two supply benches (13-15) that can be switched independently from each other. The sensors (3-8) are grouped according to the function thereof and are then associated with one of the supply benches (13-15).

Abstract: A method for identifying a short circuit to the positive terminal of a battery in a circuit of a motor vehicle. An electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is actuated by a control device (120) and has at least one electrical switch which switches on and off loads (110, 111, 112), the switching state of said switches being reported to the control device (120) and determines that operation is fault-free when the connected loads (110, 111, 112) are supplied with voltage when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched on and a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is produced at the circuit breaker when the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is switched off, switching off the supply voltage by the electronic circuit breaker HS (123) is detected at the end of a driving cycle of the motor vehicle. A fault is determined when a “short circuit” or “load drop” message is not produced at the electrical switch.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric circuit configuration for switching an electrical load (3), particularly a solenoid valve, by means of at least one switching means (5) associated with the consumer (3), particularly a transistor. The circuit configuration comprises at least one analysis circuit comprising at least one measuring resistor (17) connected in series with the switching means (5), at least one first analysis means (23) for determining a parameter corresponding to the short-circuit current, and at least one second analysis means (25) for determining a parameter corresponding to the consumer current. The circuit configuration is characterized in that the first analysis means (23) is connected in parallel with the measurement resistor (17).

Abstract: Measurement of bladed rotors and, more particularly, speed measurement of bladed rotors in a turbine engine using microwave probes is described. In one embodiment, an apparatus for measuring bladed includes a microwave sensor that radiates a microwave signal toward a bladed rotor and receives a reflected microwave signal from the bladed rotor, a radio frequency module that generates the microwave signal radiated by the microwave sensor and down-converts the reflected microwave signal into a down-converted signal, and a main processing module configured to generate an output pulse train signal representative of a speed of the bladed rotor based on the down-converted signal. In another embodiment, a method for measuring bladed rotors is described including radiating a microwave signal, receiving a reflected microwave signal, down-converting the reflected microwave signal, and generating an output pulse train signal representative of a speed of a bladed rotor based on the down-converted signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (1) for operating an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, in particular of a motor vehicle, having a plurality of active sensors (3-8) and a control device (2) that comprises at least one voltage supply unit (9) to which the sensors (3-8) are operatively connected. According to the invention, the voltage supply unit (9) comprises at least two supply benches (13-15) that can be switched independently from each other. The sensors (3-8) are grouped according to the function thereof and are then associated with one of the supply benches (13-15).

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement (1) for operating an exhaust gas post-treatment device, particularly of a motor vehicle, wherein the arrangement (1) comprises a plurality of consumers (3-12) and a controller (2), wherein the controller (2) comprises at least one switching device (13) for switching the consumers (3-12) on and off. According to the invention, the consumers (3-12) are grouped according to function, and connected to one switch (17-21) each of the switching device (13). The invention further relates to a method for operating an exhaust post-treatment device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment device (1) of a motor vehicle, said device having a heater (2), which includes a plurality of heating elements (5, 6, 7), and a control unit (9) associated with the heater (2), wherein a common first switch (10) and in each case a second switch (32, 33, 34) are associated with the heating elements (5, 6, 7) and said heating elements (5, 6, 7) are jointly switchable by means of the first switch (10) and individually switchable by means of the second switches (32, 33, 34). The invention thereby provides that said first switch (10) is disposed separately from the control unit (9) and can be actuated by the same.

Abstract: A method is proposed for actuating an electromagnetic load (3) which can be switched between at least two switching states, particularly a magnetic valve, wherein switching between a first and a second of the switching states takes place as a result of a current flowing through the load (3) by means of applying an electrical voltage to said load (3). Provision is thereby made for the voltage to be clocked upon application thereof to said load (3) if due to the applied voltage the switching process would occur without clocking outside of a current ramp-up. The invention furthermore relates to an electrical circuit for actuating an electromagnetic load (3).

Abstract: A communications device includes a supply terminal which is able to be connected to a two-position-controlled power supply; a pulse width recording device, which is coupled to the supply terminal and which records a pulse width of current pulses that flow through the supply terminal, and a signal processing device which assigns a first logical level to a first recorded pulse width and a second logical level to a second recorded pulse width.

Abstract: A temperature measurement technique for calculating a temperature in a high temperature environment by monitoring a change in resonant frequency of a resonant structure loaded with a dielectric material. A response curve for a reflection coefficient S11 associated with the resonant structure is generated, typically by the use of a network analyzer connected to the resonant structure via a cable. A minimum point for the response curve is identified to detect the resonant frequency for the resonant structure. A calibration map is applied to the minimum point to identify a temperature associated with the resonant frequency of the resonant structure. The temperature associated with the resonant frequency of the resonant structure represents the temperature of the high temperature environment.

Abstract: An effective methodology for reducing the influence of clutter arising from a complex signal environment defined by the use of a microwave sensor within or in connection with a gas turbine engine having one or more stages of rotating blades. Accurate detection of peak signals for blade measurements can be obtained by the microwave sensor.

Abstract: An effective methodology for reducing the influence of clutter arising from a complex signal environment defined by the use of a microwave sensor within or in connection with a gas turbine engine having one or more stages of rotating blades. Accurate detection of peak signals for blade measurements can be obtained by the microwave sensor.

Abstract: A temperature measurement technique for calculating a temperature in a high temperature environment by monitoring a change in resonant frequency of a resonant structure loaded with a dielectric material. A response curve for a reflection coefficient S11 associated with the resonant structure is generated, typically by the use of a network analyzer connected to the resonant structure via a cable. A minimum point for the response curve is identified to detect the resonant frequency for the resonant structure. A calibration map is applied to the minimum point to identify a temperature associated with the resonant frequency of the resonant structure. The temperature associated with the resonant frequency of the resonant structure represents the temperature of the high temperature environment.