Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides directly on biomolecules or cells living or fixed. In some embodiments, template-free enzymatic synthesis is implemented under biological conditions with successive cycles of (i) enzymatic addition of a 3?-O-blocked nucleoside triphosphate and (ii) enzymatic deblocking of the incorporated nucleotide to regenerate a free 3? hydroxyl. The invention has applications in single-cell cDNA library construction and analysis.

Abstract: A lid for covering the open end of a beverage container having: an annular base adapted to detachably and sealably engage with the circumference of a drinking edge of a container; an elevated portion projecting upwardly from the annular base; and a spout; the lid arranged and formed such that when in use with a container containing liquid and wherein the lid is securely fitted to the container a user is able to move the spout between a closed configuration which closes the open end of a container such that liquid is substantially prevented from escaping from the container and a drinking configuration which allows a user to drink the liquid contained within the container and also wherein in use the lid is adapted such that a user can squeeze the container or the elevated portion which results in the spout moving from a closed configuration to a drinking configuration.

Abstract: A lid for covering the open end of a beverage container having: an annular base adapted to detachably and sealably engage with the circumference of a drinking edge of a container; an elevated portion projecting upwardly from the annular base; and a spout; the lid arranged and formed such that when in use with a container containing liquid and wherein the lid is securely fitted to the container a user is able to move the spout between a closed configuration which closes the open end of a container such that liquid is substantially prevented from escaping from the container and a drinking configuration which allows a user to drink the liquid contained within the container and also wherein in use the lid is adapted such that a user can squeeze the container or the elevated portion which results in the spout moving from a closed configuration to a drinking configuration.

Abstract: A lid for covering the open end of a beverage container (e.g. a container of coffee) having: an annular base adapted to detachably and sealably engage with the circumference of a drinking edge of a container; an elevated portion projecting upwardly from the annular base; and a spout; the lid arranged and formed such that when in use with a container containing liquid and wherein the lid is securely fitted to the container a user is able to move the spout between a closed configuration which closes the open end of a container such that liquid is substantially prevented from escaping from the container and a drinking configuration which allows a user to drink the liquid contained within the container and also wherein in use the lid is adapted such that a user can squeeze the container or the elevated portion which results in the spout moving from a closed configuration to a drinking configuration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for substantially reducing the problems associated with prior methods and apparatus for measuring the RF characteristics of electronic circuitry. The method and apparatus allow “in-package” testing of microwave modules, or subassemblies, without the need for additional test fixtures. Preferably, the testing is based on a discontinuous transmission line and at least one waveguide. The discontinuous transmission line electrically isolates two or more modules so that they may be tested individually. The discontinuous transmission line may then be connected using, for example, a ribbon bond. Once the transmission line is connected, the two modules may be capable of communicating with one another. One advantage of the method and apparatus is that the RF characteristics of one or more modules may be determined in their actual operating environment.