Abstract: A restoration for restoring a lesion in a tooth and method for making the same. The restoration comprises a layer of glass ionomer cement bonded to the lesion and a layer of amalgam disposed on the layer of glass ionomer cement. The restoration is formed by the process of applying a layer of wet glass ionomer cement on the lesion, placing a wet dental amalgam directly on the wet glass ionomer cement, and allowing the wet glass ionomer cement and the wet amalgam to harden to bond the amalgam to the tooth. Various modifications to the glass ionomer cement are disclosed to either improve the bond of the restoration's amalgam to the tooth or to enhance the cement's use in various dental procedures. Also disclosed are various dental procedures using the restoration and method of making the restoration which results in the resolution of certain shortcomings of current like procedures.

Abstract: A restoration for restoring a lesion in a tooth and method for making the same. The restoration comprises a layer of glass ionomer cement bonded to the lesion and a layer of amalgam disposed on the layer of glass ionomer cement. The restoration is formed by the process of applying a layer of wet glass ionomer cement on the lesion, placing a wet dental amalgam directly on the wet glass ionomer cement, and allowing the wet glass ionomer cement and the wet amalgam to harden to bond the amalgam to the tooth. Various modifications to the glass ionomer cement are disclosed to either improve the bond of the restoration's amalgam to the tooth or to enhance the cement's use in various dental procedures. Also disclosed are various dental procedures using the restoration and method of making the restoration which results in the resolution of certain shortcomings of current like procedures.

Abstract: The present invention is a tool that removes hub seals from wheel hubs. The tool comprises a blade having a flat surface, a tapered surface, a flat side, a tip edge, and a handle attached to the blade. The flat side is connected to the tip edge to form a corner, which is suitable for insertion into an annular space between the hub seal and bearings on the hub. In order to remove the hub seal, the blade is inserted into the annular space, force is applied to the handle, and leverage is used to remove the hub seal. The blade is formed so as to be strong enough to withstand the force applied to remove the hub seal yet thin enough to fit into the annular space of wheel hubs.

Abstract: A restoration for restoring a lesion in a tooth and method for making the same. The restoration comprises a layer of glass ionomer cement bonded to the lesion and a layer of amalgam disposed on the layer of glass ionomer cement. The restoration is formed by the process of applying a layer of wet glass ionomer cement on the lesion, placing a wet dental amalgam directly on the wet glass ionomer cement, and allowing the wet glass ionomer cement and the wet amalgam to harden to bond the amalgam to the tooth. Various modifications to the glass ionomer cement are disclosed to either improve the bond of the restoration's amalgam to the tooth or to enhance the cement's use in various dental procedures. Also disclosed are various dental procedures using the restoration and method of making the restoration which results in the resolution of certain shortcomings of current like procedures.

Abstract: An additive for glass ionomer cement comprising an effective amount of zircon to whiten, decrease the thickness and/or increase the setting time of the glass ionomer cement. The addition of zircon crystals to either the powder component of the liquid component of a glass ionomer cement allows one to control the color, mixability and handling characteristics, and setting time of the cement without adversely effecting the cement's intended functionality, such as the bond strength of the cement. The zircon additive may be utilized in conjunction with other additives and may be used in glass ionomer cements used as restorative materials, a prosthetic device cement, or as a luting agent, base or liner.

Abstract: Metal bases, metal salts and/or metal oxides are added to an amalgam restoration formula for use in conjunction with a glass ionomer cement to restore a tooth lesion. The additive is comprised of an amount of metal bases, metal salts and/or metal oxides, such as the powder of a polycarboxylate dental cement, sufficient to improve the bond strength between wet glass ionomer cement applied to the tooth lesion and the wet improved amalgam applied to the wet cement. As a result, the retentive quality of such a restoration is improved and therefore may permit a lesion to be filled with amalgam rather than requiring extraction or the application of a prosthesis.

Abstract: Wet glass ionomer cement is applied to a tooth lesion. Before the cement hardens, wet amalgam is applied on top of the glass ionomer cement. The glass ionomer bonds to the tooth, and the interface of the wet cement and wet amalgam allows strong ionic bonds to form between the glass ionomer cement and the amalgam, to provide an exceptionally strong bond between the amalgam and the tooth.