Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to track aircraft or other vehicles using techniques including multilateration and elliptical surveillance. Unlike conventional approaches that use time difference of arrival for multilateration at a fixed set of reception points, this technique allows targets to be tracked from a number of dynamic or moving reception points. This allows for triangulation/multilateration and elliptical surveillance of targets from combinations of fixed, fixed and moving or only moving ground-based receivers, sea-based receivers, airborne receivers and space-based receivers. Additionally this technique allows for ADS-B validation through data derived from only two receivers to assess the validity and integrity of the aircraft self-reported position by comparing the time of arrival of the emitted message at the second receiver to the predicted time of message arrival at the second receiver based on the self-reported position of the aircraft and the time of arrival at the first receiver.

Abstract: A land use compatibility software module uses an existing suite of airport management programs to generate exception reports for FAA Part 77 land use compatibly surveys. Land use compatibility management is a manually intensive and time-consuming process. The noise officer may have to compute whether a proposed structure violates FAA's obstruction clearance criteria as set out in FAA's standard for obstacle clearance zones (Part 77). With these three-dimensional zone shapes entered into AirScene™, the user may enter lat/long and height data for potential obstructions, such as cellular telephone towers as mentioned in the above example. The system will plot the potential obstructions on the map and will determine whether or not the height and proposed position of the tower violates the FAA's obstruction criteria for that runway. The system may be used to generate “exception reports” for proposed structures.

Abstract: At most airports, responsibility of air traffic control starts and stops at the entrance or exit to the runway movement areas, which are taxiways and runways. In the non-movement areas, such as hangers, ramps, and aprons, aircraft movements and separation are no longer the responsibility of air traffic control, but is the responsibility of other parties such as the airport itself, airlines, or other parties. The use of tracking technologies for air traffic control is therefore focused on the movement areas, not the non-movement areas, where there are limitations in aircraft tracking. Furthermore, many of the aircraft transmitting devices are switched off in non-movement areas exacerbating tracking problems in these areas. The present invention includes several methods including broadband multilateration, to extend aircraft tracking from the movement areas into non-movement areas without the need to extend special air traffic control equipment into those areas.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to track aircraft or other vehicles using techniques including multilateration and elliptical surveillance. Unlike conventional approaches that use time difference of arrival for multilateration at a fixed set of reception points, this technique allows targets to be tracked from a number of dynamic or moving reception points. This allows for triangulation/multilateration and elliptical surveillance of targets from combinations of fixed, fixed and moving or only moving ground-based receivers, sea-based receivers, airborne receivers and space-based receivers. Additionally this technique allows for ADS-B validation through data derived from only two receivers to assess the validity and integrity of the aircraft self-reported position by comparing the time of arrival of the emitted message at the second receiver to the predicted time of message arrival at the second receiver based on the self-reported position of the aircraft and the time of arrival at the first receiver.

Abstract: A solution is described which provides an airport with the tools to accurately manage all sources of airside revenues, including operational revenues and capital programs. The system of the present invention relies on the acquisition of any and all data related to the operations, property, lease, and revenue management of an airport, including aircraft tracking data. This data is then stored in a central database where it is processed, sorted, and stored for later retrieval. The data may exist in a number of forms including real-time streams, tabular, or in the form of a database. From this data, airport revenue information can be accurately managed.

Abstract: Multilateration techniques are used to provide accurate aircraft tracking data for aircraft on the ground and in the vicinity of an airport. From this data, aircraft noise and operations management may be enhanced. Aircraft noise may be calculated virtually using track data in real-time and provided to a user to determine noise violations. Tracking data may be used to control noise monitoring stations to gate out ambient noise. Aircraft emissions, both on the ground and in the air may be determined using tracking data. This and other data may be displayed in real time or generated in reports, and/or may be displayed on a website for viewing by airport operators and/or members of the public. The system may be readily installed in a compact package using a plurality of receivers and sensor packages located at shared wireless communication towers near an airport, and a central processing station located in or near the airport.

Abstract: At most airports, responsibility of air traffic control starts and stops at the entrance or exit to the runway movement areas, which are taxiways and runways. In the non-movement areas, such as hangers, ramps, and aprons, aircraft movements and separation are no longer the responsibility of air traffic control, but is the responsibility of other parties such as the airport itself, airlines, or other parties. The use of tracking technologies for air traffic control is therefore focused on the movement areas, not the non-movement areas, where there are limitations in aircraft tracking. Furthermore, many of the aircraft transmitting devices are switched off in non-movement areas exacerbating tracking problems in these areas. The present invention includes several methods including broadband multilateration, to extend aircraft tracking from the movement areas into non-movement areas without the need to extend special air traffic control equipment into those areas.

Abstract: Multilateration techniques are used to provide accurate aircraft tracking data for aircraft on the ground and in the vicinity of an airport. From this data, aircraft noise and operations management may be enhanced. Aircraft noise may be calculated virtually using track data in real-time and provided to a user to determine noise violations. Tracking data may be used to control noise monitoring stations to gate out ambient noise. Aircraft emissions, both on the ground and in the air may be determined using tracking data. This and other data may be displayed in real time or generated in reports, and/or may be displayed on a website for viewing by airport operators and/or members of the public. The system may be readily installed in a compact package using a plurality of receivers and sensor packages located at shared wireless communication towers near an airport, and a central processing station located in or near the airport.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed to track aircraft or other vehicles using techniques including multilateration and elliptical surveillance. Unlike conventional approaches that use time difference of arrival for multilateration at a fixed set of reception points, this technique allows targets to be tracked from a number of dynamic or moving reception points. This allows for triangulation/multilateration and elliptical surveillance of targets from combinations of fixed, fixed and moving or only moving ground-based receivers, sea-based receivers, airborne receivers and space-based receivers. Additionally this technique allows for ADS-B validation through data derived from only two receivers to assess the validity and integrity of the aircraft self-reported position by comparing the time of arrival of the emitted message at the second receiver to the predicted time of message arrival at the second receiver based on the self-reported position of the aircraft and the time of arrival at the first receiver.

Abstract: Multilateration techniques are used to provide accurate aircraft tracking data for aircraft on the ground and in the vicinity of an airport. From this data, aircraft noise and operations management may be enhanced. Aircraft noise may be calculated virtually using track data in real-time and provided to a user to determine noise violations. Tracking data may be used to control noise monitoring stations to gate out ambient noise. Aircraft emissions, both on the ground and in the air may be determined using tracking data. This and other data may be displayed in real time or generated in reports, and/or may be displayed on a website for viewing by airport operators and/or members of the public. The system may be readily installed in a compact package using a plurality of receivers and sensor packages located at shared wireless communication towers near an airport, and a central processing station located in or near the airport.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for performing elliptical-based and hybrid surveillance, performing false target detection and resolution, and performing integrity monitoring using one or more receiving and transmitting elements time synchronized to a common precision time reference, and a central workstation. Antennas for transmitting and receiving elements are located at known positions separated from one another. At a given time, one of the transmitting elements transmits an interrogation signal to one or more targets, which respond to the interrogation with a reply transmission, received by one or more receiving elements.

Abstract: The AirScene™ Pavement Management System of the present invention automatically tracks data required to determine various factors in an assessment of current and future pavement maintenance needs and utilizes this data to quantify the pavement damage caused by each individual aircraft movement and thus compute pavement condition based on an initial survey and the calculations of accrued damage over time. This information can be displayed through AirScene™ in the form of tables, graphs, or graphically represented on an airport diagram showing present conditions, rates of accruing damage, and future wear rates and areas. The system draws on the data from the AirScene™ Data Warehouse (ADW), a single repository for all the information acquired from a number of different sources.

Abstract: The present invention improves WAMLAT Timing Availability by using timing from one or more of a variety of sources. These sources include unaugmented SATNAV timing, from GPS or/and GALILEO, GEO timing from pseudo SATNAV signals, additional GEO timing for non SATNAV applications, timing derived from both terrestrial and satellite television and radio transmissions, and stable on board oscillators to withstand short term interruptions in satellite timing. The use of one or more of these multiple sources of timing improves accuracy and reliability of wide area multilateration systems.

Abstract: Documents bearing a thin reflective extruded security stripe comprising a leafing aluminum pigment having a gloss characteristic of from 20 to 24 as measured on a Gardner/BYK Microglass meter at a 60.degree. angle. A water soluble dye may be incorporated in the stripe. A method of making the document and a dye containing leafing aluminum pigment for extrusion on the document are also disclosed.

Abstract: Enhanced thermal papers having a thermosetting organic polymeric-material containing heat-metering layer which enhances the thermal characteristics of the papers and methods of enhancing imaging characteristics of thermal papers, including particularly facsimile papers, by depositing onto the heat-metering layers of such papers a thermosetting organic polymeric-material-containing heat-metering layer.

Abstract: A multi-layered corrosion-resistant label comprising a printed layer of a first corrosion-sensitive material, a transparent second layer of a second material different from the printed layer covering the front surface of the printed layer, and being of a shape similar to that of the first layer in plan view and of a second size greater than the first size, a third layer of a material different from the printed layer covering the back surface of the printed layer and being of a shape similar to that of the first shape and of a size greater than the first size, with the second and third layers enveloping the printed layer and providing a protective border surrounding the printed layer so that the peripheral edge of the printed layer is spaced inwardly from the peripheral edges of the second and third layers.

Abstract: A method of making thermally imprintable baggage tag stock is disclosed. The steps comprise providing a first continuous web of a dense bond paper having inner and outer surfaces, providing a second continuous web of paper having inner and outer surfaces and having a release coating on its inner surface, providing continuous fibers between the inner surfaces of said first and second webs, continuously depositing an adhesive on the release coating for enveloping the fibers, and continuously joining the webs and fibers to permanently bond the fibers to the inner surface of the first web. Thereafter the webs are continuously separated at the release coating of the second web and a pressure-sensitive adhesive is deposited between the webs, and the webs are continuously rejoined to adhere the pressure-sensitive adhesive to the surface of the first web to which the fibers are bonded.

Abstract: A continuous series of elongate adhesive tags such as demand tags having adhesive-free transverse zones for severing individual demand tags from the series. The series has continuous longitudinal adhesive-free zones and longitudinal stripes of pressure sensitive adhesive which are interrupted in the transverse zones by a transverse slot formed across the entire width of each adhesive stripe, thereby providing the adhesive-free transverse zones. A method of so forming the continuous series of tags is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fan-folded form set comprising a plurality of joined coupon/envelope members which are severable from adjacent coupon/envelope members along lines of perforation, and which coupon/envelope members are separable from each other. Each coupon/envelope is associated for a use, and each of the coupon/envelope members are related to the others in the set. The coupon/envelope members may be largely related in sequence. A method of producing the fan-folded form set and successive such form sets is described.

Abstract: A thermally imprintable baggage tag assembly formed of a laminate comprising highly calendered, dense bond paper sheet, an inexpensive paper sheet and reinforcing fibers sandwiched therebetween and running in the longitudinal direction only. A thermally imprintable layer is disposed on the bond paper side of the laminate and a liner is adhesively secured to the other side. The laminate and liner are scored in longitudinally spaced locations and are provided with bands of release material so that when tag and claim check portions are severed along the score lines, the tag and claim check portions will each have exposed zones of adhesive for securance to other objects or zones as desired.