Abstract: The present invention provides rotatable cutting tools having washers with changing thicknesses. One side of the washer has a tapered surface that increases the thickness of the washer from the inner radius towards the outer radius, resulting in a thicker portion at the outer edge of the washer. The rotatable cutting tool may also have a bit with a tapered surface. The tapered surface of the bit may be structured and arranged to engage with the tapered surface of the washer. The rotatable cutting tool may also include a holder such that the assembled rotatable cutting tool includes the washer between the bit and the holder with the bit inserted into the holder and washer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rotatable cutting tool with a bit, a washer, and a retainer. The retainer surrounds at least a portion of the shank of the bit. Wear on the shank is reduced by providing a retainer with a controlled hardness that is less than the hardness of the shank of the bit, while still allowing similar wear on the retainer.

Abstract: The present invention provides rotatable cutting tools having washers with changing thicknesses. One side of the washer has a tapered surface that increases the thickness of the washer from the inner radius towards the outer radius, resulting in a thicker portion at the outer edge of the washer. The rotatable cutting tool may also have a bit with a tapered surface. The tapered surface of the bit may be structured and arranged to engage with the tapered surface of the washer. The rotatable cutting tool may also include a holder such that the assembled rotatable cutting tool includes the washer between the bit and the holder with the bit inserted into the holder and washer.

Abstract: A valve seat assembly includes a body having an insert pocket with an axially extending inner surface and a radially extending bottom surface. The valve seat further includes an insert disposed within the insert pocket of the body. The insert includes an axially extending outer surface and a radially extending bottom surface for mating with the axially extending inner surface and a radially extending bottom surface of the insert pocket of the body. The axially extending inner surface of the body is formed with a non-zero reverse taper angle, A4, for securing the insert within the insert pocket of the body. The axially extending outer surface of the insert is formed with a reverse taper angle, A5, equal to or greater than zero degrees. A valve assembly includes a valve and the valve seat assembly in reciprocating contact with the valve.

Abstract: A valve seat assembly includes a body having an insert pocket with an axially extending inner surface and a radially extending bottom surface. The valve seat further includes an insert disposed within the insert pocket of the body. The insert includes an axially extending outer surface and a radially extending bottom surface for mating with the axially extending inner surface and a radially extending bottom surface of the insert pocket of the body. The axially extending inner surface of the body is formed with a non-zero reverse taper angle, A4, for securing the insert within the insert pocket of the body. The axially extending outer surface of the insert is formed with a reverse taper angle, A5, equal to or greater than zero degrees. A valve assembly includes a valve and the valve seat assembly in reciprocating contact with the valve.

Abstract: A compression milling cutter includes a shank and a front cutting portion that terminates at a leading end of the milling cutter. The front cutting portion has a first circumferential row of one or more insert receiving pockets proximate a leading end of the milling cutter, and a second circumferential row of one or more insert receiving pockets, each insert receiving pocket configured to receive a respective indexable cutting insert. The cutting insert mounted in the first circumferential row has a positive axial rake angle, A, and the indexable cutting insert mounted in an insert pocket of the second circumferential row has a negative axial rake angle, B. Because of the different axial rake angles, chips generated during a machining operation flow in opposite directions, thereby creating a compression zone disposed between the first and second circumferential rows. This compression zone replicates the cutting action of a solid end mill, particularly when machining fiber reinforced plastic materials.

Abstract: An air spring for use in an axle/suspension system of a heavy-duty vehicle includes a bellows and a piston. The bellows includes a bellows chamber. The piston includes a top portion, a bottom portion and a support stud. The support stud includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the support stud is secured to the top portion or the bottom portion of the piston, the support stud extending between the top portion and the bottom portion of the piston.

Abstract: A compression milling cutter includes a shank and a front cutting portion that terminates at a leading end of the milling cutter. The front cutting portion has a first circumferential row of one or more insert receiving pockets proximate a leading end of the milling cutter, and a second circumferential row of one or more insert receiving pockets, each insert receiving pocket configured to receive a respective indexable cutting insert. The cutting insert mounted in the first circumferential row has a positive axial rake angle, A, and the indexable cutting insert mounted in an insert pocket of the second circumferential row has a negative axial rake angle, B. Because of the different axial rake angles, chips generated during a machining operation flow in opposite directions, thereby creating a compression zone disposed between the first and second circumferential rows. This compression zone replicates the cutting action of a solid end mill, particularly when machining fiber reinforced plastic materials.

Abstract: A suspension system can include an air spring, an air reservoir external to the air spring, and a flow control device which variably restricts flow of air between the air spring and the air reservoir. Flow between the air spring and the air reservoir may be permitted in response to compliance of the suspension system, and the air spring can have an internal air volume at least 2½ times as great may permit flow between the air spring and the air reservoir in response to a predetermined pressure differential level across the flow control device. Multiple air reservoirs can be internal to an axle, or other suspension system or vehicle component, and can be isolated from each other.

Abstract: A damping air spring and shock absorber combination for heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems includes a damping air spring and a shock absorber both operatively attached to the axle/suspension system. The damping air spring primarily provides damping to the axle/suspension system over a first range of frequencies. The shock absorber primarily provides damping to the axle/suspension system over a second range of frequencies. The first range of frequencies is from about 0.0 Hz to about 6.0 Hz and the second range of frequencies is from about 0.0 Hz to about 13.0 Hz.

Abstract: A damping air spring and shock absorber combination for heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems includes a damping air spring and a shock absorber both operatively attached to the axle/suspension system. The damping air spring primarily provides damping to the axle/suspension system over a first range of frequencies. The shock absorber primarily provides damping to the axle/suspension system over a second range of frequencies. The first range of frequencies is from about 0.0 Hz to about 6.0 Hz and the second range of frequencies is from about 0.0 Hz to about 13.0 Hz.

Abstract: A coolant spray nozzle for use in conjunction with a cutter with a coolant duct wherein the cutter retains a cutting insert with a cutting edge that engages a workpiece at an insert-chip interface having a length. The coolant spray nozzle includes a coolant spray nozzle body containing a bore and an adjustable fan spray nipple having a slot with a slot opening through which coolant discharges in a fan-shaped coolant spray so as to impinge the insert-chip interface along substantially the entire length of the insert-chip interface.

Abstract: A pin assembly for a retractable pin mechanism of a slider box of a heavy-duty vehicle includes a pin guide attached to the slider box. A pin is connected to a retraction mechanism and engages the pin guide. The pin includes an integral inboard and outboard stop. The integral inboard and outboard stops of the pin limit movement of the pin with respect to the pin guide and serve as a positive stop for the pin during retraction and extension of the pin when the retraction mechanism is activated or deactivated by the operator of the vehicle.

Abstract: A suspension system can include an air spring, an air reservoir external to the air spring, and a flow control device which variably restricts flow of air between the air spring and the air reservoir. Flow between the air spring and the air reservoir may be permitted in response to compliance of the suspension system, and the air spring can have an internal air volume at least 2½ times as great may permit flow between the air spring and the air reservoir in response to a predetermined pressure differential level across the flow control device. Multiple air reservoirs can be internal to an axle, or other suspension system or vehicle component, and can be isolated from each other.

Abstract: A directional damper for heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems includes damping means disposed at least between the vehicle and a suspension assembly of the vehicle. The damping means provides directional damping to the suspension assembly with respect to a selected datum, such as the beam or the main member of the vehicle.

Abstract: A coolant spray nozzle for use in conjunction with a cutter with a coolant duct wherein the cutter retains a cutting insert with a cutting edge that engages a workpiece at an insert-chip interface having a length. The coolant spray nozzle includes a coolant spray nozzle body containing a bore and an adjustable fan spray nipple having a slot with a slot opening through which coolant discharges in a fan-shaped coolant spray so as to impinge the insert-chip interface along substantially the entire length of the insert-chip interface.

Abstract: A directional damper for heavy-duty vehicle axle/suspension systems includes damping means disposed at least between the vehicle and a suspension assembly of the vehicle. The damping means provides directional damping to the suspension assembly with respect to a selected datum, such as the beam or the main member of the vehicle.

Abstract: An air spring piston for a heavy-duty vehicle includes a top portion and a bottom portion. The top portion includes a bumper and a connecting means for an air spring bellows. The bottom portion is mounted on a structure of the vehicle. The top portion and bottom portion are connected to each other to form a piston chamber and include a bearing means for reacting bumper forces from the bumper to the bottom portion and to the structure of the vehicle on which the bottom portion is mounted. The piston chamber is in fluid communication with a bellows chamber of the air spring via an opening, wherein the geometry of the opening is such that during dynamic spring movements, the pressure in the piston chamber and the pressure in the bellows chamber are not equalized.