Abstract: An elongated flow-through degassing apparatus includes an elongated gas and liquid impermeable outer member and a gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable inner barrier extending within the outer member and at least partially along a first chamber defined within the outer member. The apparatus also includes inlet and outlet connection structures operably coupled to respective portions of the outer member and a second chamber defined by the inner barrier to further enable a sealed engagement between the outer member and the inner barrier, and to provide for connection devices to operably couple the degassing apparatus of the present invention to respective spaced apart components. The degassing apparatus may be sufficiently flexible so as to be readily manipulatable into desired configurations.

Abstract: A flow cell for transporting fluid in a radiant energy field includes a cell structure having a tube extending therethrough including a radiant energy blocking portion integral therewith. In a particular embodiment, the cell structure includes one or more end caps having a protrusion extending therefrom, wherein the protrusion may be inserted into the tube to create a fluid seal, the end caps including open channels for transporting fluid and radiant energy therethrough, and the tube in the cell structure includes an efficient radiant energy transmission lining that is spaced from the end cap protrusions, thereby forming a gap volume in the flow cell open channel, which gap volume may be calibrated such that radiant energy losses may be standardized in respective flow cells transporting fluids having various indexes of refraction.

Abstract: A flow cell for transporting fluid in a radiant energy field includes a cell structure having a tube extending therethrough including a radiant energy blocking portion integral therewith. In a particular embodiment, the cell structure includes one or more end caps having a protrusion extending therefrom, wherein the protrusion may be inserted into the tube to create a fluid seal, the end caps including open channels for transporting fluid and radiant energy therethrough, and the tube in the cell structure includes an efficient radiant energy transmission lining that is spaced from the end cap protrusions, thereby forming a gap volume in the flow cell open channel, which gap volume may be calibrated such that radiant energy losses may be standardized in respective flow cells transporting fluids having various indexes of refraction.

Abstract: A flow-through vacuum degassing unit for degassing a mobile phase includes a vacuum conduit adapted to be connected to a source for creating a vacuum in the conduit, an inlet port and an outlet port for admitting and discharging the mobile phase to be degassed, a degassing tube for conducting the mobile phase through the conduit, wherein the degassing tube is a gas-permeable, liquid impermeable material. In a particular embodiment, the degassing tube receives multiple mobile phases blended together in a discrete volume of desired composition.

Abstract: Ease of service is provided in an integrated condenser (20) and receiver (22) including two nonhorizontal headers (24), a plurality of tubes (28) extending between the headers (24) to establish a plurality of hydraulically parallel flow pads between the headers (24); at least one partition (48, 50, 52) in each of the headers for causing refrigerant to make at least two passes, including an upstream pass and a downstream pass, through the condenser (20); and an elongated receiver (22) mounted on one of the headers (24). The elongated receiver (22) includes an interior chamber (61), an upper inlet (70) connected to a downstream side of the upstream pass for the flow of refrigerant form the upstream pass to the interior chamber (61), a lower liquid outlet (71) connected to an upstream side of the downstream pass for the flow of liquid refrigerant from the interior chamber (61) to the downstream pass, and a port (62) to allow access to interior chamber (61) for servicing the receiver (22).

Abstract: Loss of efficiency as a result of inadequate subcooling caused by the entry of gaseous refrigerant into the subcooling stage of a condenser (20) from a receiver (22) is avoided in a construction wherein an upper inlet (64) to the receiver (22) is canted at an angle (.alpha.,.beta.) with respect to the longitudinal axis (74) of the receiver to induce a vortex flow (130) of refrigerant in the receiver (22). A baffle (106,115,118,121) may advantageously be located between the upper inlet (64) and a lower outlet (66) of the receiver (22) to isolate turbulence within the receiver (22) from the lower outlet (66).

Abstract: A temperature controller for monitoring the temperature of a rotating heating system and regulating the temperature relative to a desired temperature. A transmitter within the rotating system coupled to a remote stationary controller via slip rings produces a magnitude varying current control signal within a calibrated range at a magnitude proportional to the sensed temperature. A pair of voltage dividers within the transmitter establish the level and range of current magnitude relative to a constant current source. The remote stationary controller compares the current control signal to a set-point and synchronously supplies power to the heater elements of the rotating system, so long as the sensed temperature is below the desired temperature.

Abstract: An electronic interface circuit for coupling a source of analog signals to a measuring and/or recording device whereby the time varying component of the analog signal can be separated from any steady-state component, such as a DC bias, which may be present, allowing further signal processing on the time varying component only. The interface circuit comprises a servo control device having both a digital feedback loop and an analog feedback loop. Upon closure of a manually operable switch, a timer is initiated which first actuates the digital feedback loop wherein a digital number is generated which is proportional to the deviation of the signal output from a summing amplifier from a zero volt level. This digital number is applied through a digital-to-analog converter to the summing amplifier along with a second feedback signal obtained by sampling the output from the summing amplifier at a time subsequent to the digital correction operation.