Abstract: A centrifugal pump includes an impeller defining an axis for conveying a fluid, a centrifugal chamber, into which the impeller is axially inserted, and a suction strainer, into which the centrifugal chamber is axially inserted, wherein the centrifugal chamber has at least one pressure outlet leading from the impeller to the suction strainer for receiving a portion of the fluid conveyed by the impeller, the suction strainer has at least one base-side and at least one lateral suction opening for sucking in the fluid and at least one bypass line, connectable to the at least one pressure outlet, for purging the centrifugal pump and/or the suction strainer, and the centrifugal chamber and the suction strainer are rotatable and/or axially displaceable relative to one another in at least a first, a second and a third position, in such a way that at least in the first position the at least one lateral suction opening is open, in the second position the at least one lateral suction opening is deactivated and in the th

Abstract: A centrifugal pump includes an impeller defining an axis for conveying a fluid, a centrifugal chamber in which the impeller is arranged axially, and a suction strainer having a polygon-like cross-section, in which the centrifugal chamber is arranged axially, wherein the suction strainer has at least one lateral suction opening provided on a suction strainer side wall of the suction strainer for drawing in the fluid and at least one bypass line which may be fed with a portion of the fluid conveyed by the impeller for purging the centrifugal pump, and the at least one bypass line opens out in the direction of the suction strainer side wall in such a way that a fluid flow emerging from the at least one bypass line flushes along the suction strainer side wall.

Abstract: Subject matter of the invention is a cutting ring for solids-loaded fluid of a pump, comprising a cutting ring base body forming an opening for cooperation with a cutting head, which cutting ring can be stationarily connected to the pump in an axial extension of an impeller of the pump, wherein a plurality of cutting teeth comprising respectively at least outer cutting edges oriented away from the impeller in the direction of a suction side of the pump are provided at the cutting ring base body around the opening, wherein the cutting teeth extend axially away from the cutting ring base body outwardly at least in the direction of the suction side, and at least in the outwardly extending cutting teeth a respective radially outwardly extending material recess is formed, and/or a radially outwardly extending axial depression is formed in the cutting ring base body in a valley between two at least outwardly extending cutting teeth.

Abstract: Subject matter of the invention is a cutting ring for solids-loaded fluid of a pump, comprising a cutting ring base body forming an opening for cooperation with a cutting head, which cutting ring can be stationarily connected to the pump in an axial extension of an impeller of the pump, wherein a plurality of cutting teeth comprising respectively at least outer cutting edges oriented away from the impeller in the direction of a suction side of the pump are provided at the cutting ring base body around the opening, wherein the cutting teeth extend axially away from the cutting ring base body outwardly at least in the direction of the suction side, and at least in the outwardly extending cutting teeth a respective radially outwardly extending material recess is formed, and/or a radially outwardly extending axial depression is formed in the cutting ring base body in a valley between two at least outwardly extending cutting teeth.

Abstract: Subject matter of the invention is a cutting ring for solids-loaded fluid of a pump, comprising a cutting ring base body forming an opening for cooperation with a cutting head, which cutting ring can be stationarily connected to the pump in an axial extension of an impeller of the pump, wherein a plurality of cutting teeth comprising respectively at least outer cutting edges oriented away from the impeller in the direction of a suction side of the pump are provided at the cutting ring base body around the opening, wherein the cutting teeth extend axially away from the cutting ring base body outwardly at least in the direction of the suction side, and at least in the outwardly extending cutting teeth a respective radially outwardly extending material recess is formed, and/or a radially outwardly extending axial depression is formed in the cutting ring base body in a valley between two at least outwardly extending cutting teeth.

Abstract: Subject matter of the invention is a cutting ring for solids-loaded fluid of a pump, comprising a cutting ring base body forming an opening for cooperation with a cutting head, which cutting ring can be stationarily connected to the pump in an axial extension of an impeller of the pump, wherein a plurality of cutting teeth comprising respectively at least outer cutting edges oriented away from the impeller in the direction of a suction side of the pump are provided at the cutting ring base body around the opening, wherein the cutting teeth extend axially away from the cutting ring base body outwardly at least in the direction of the suction side, and at least in the outwardly extending cutting teeth a respective radially outwardly extending material recess is formed, and/or a radially outwardly extending axial depression is formed in the cutting ring base body in a valley between two at least outwardly extending cutting teeth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the detection and/or analysis of the structure of macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules comprising the steps of (a) purifying or separating said macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules from a sample containing said macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules by applying in a porous matrix a separation force in a first dimension (X-axis); (b) transferring in a second dimension (Z-axis) by adsorption forces the macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules purified or separated in step (a) from the porous matrix onto a carrier wherein said carrier contacts the surface of the porous matrix and is positioned parallel to the surface of said matrix and parallel to the direction of the separation force applied in step (a); (c) immobilizing the macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules on said carrier after transfer of step (b); and (d) assessing the structure of the macromolecular complexes and/or macromolecules on said carrier after immobilizati

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 5-arylnicotinaldehydes by reduction of the corresponding 5-arylnicotinic acids by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of carboxylic anhydrides in which the catalyst used is a palladium/ligand complex, characterized in that the molar ratio between palladium and ligand is from 1:5 to 1:15 in the case of monodentate ligands and from 1:2.5 to 1:7.5 in the case of bidentate ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 5-arylnicotinaldehydes by reduction of the corresponding 5-arylnicotinic acids by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of carboxylic anhydrides in which the catalyst used is a palladium/ligand complex, characterized in that the molar ratio between palladium and ligand is from 1:5 to 1:15 in the case of monodentate ligands and from 1:2.5 to 1:7.5 in the case of bidentate ligands.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines which includes an elongated, axially running, thin-walled, non-magnetic sleeve. At its downstream end, the sleeve has a bottom section, which runs substantially normal to the otherwise axial extent of the sleeve along a longitudinal valve axis. A valve needle, which is securely joined to an armature and a valve-closure member, can move axially within a feed-through opening of the sleeve. The valve-closure member cooperates with a valve-seat surface provided on a valve-seat body, the valve-seat body being pressed into the sleeve and likewise abutting, for example, on the bottom section of the sleeve. The sleeve constituted as a drawn sheet-metal part extends axially over more than half of the axial length of the fuel injector. The fuel injector is suited for applications in fuel-injection systems of mixture-compressing internal combustion engines having externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injector for fuel-injection systems of internal combustion engines, in which is provided an elongated, axially running, thin-walled, non-magnetic sleeve (12). At its downstream end, the sleeve (12) has a bottom section (20), which runs substantially normal to the otherwise axial extent of the sleeve (12) along a longitudinal valve axis (10). A valve needle (28), which is securely joined to an armature (24) and a valve-closure member (30), can move axially within a feed-through opening (21) of the sleeve (12). The valve-closure member (30) cooperates with a valve-seat surface (35) provided on a valve-seat body (25), the valve-seat body (25) being pressed into the sleeve (12) and likewise abutting, for example, on the bottom section (20) of the sleeve (12). The sleeve (12) constituted as a drawn sheet-metal part extends axially over more than half of the axial length of the fuel injector.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve, in particular a high-pressure injection valve for the direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of a compressed mixture, externally ignited internal combustion engine, has in a guide and seat area provided at the downstream end of the valve which area is formed by three disk-shaped elements. A swirl element is nested between a guide element and a valve seat element. The guide element, which can move radially in the assembled valve and which has an inner guide opening, serves to guide an axially movable valve needle which extends through it, while a valve closing section of the valve needle acts in concert with a valve seat surface of the valve seat element. The guide element is spring-loaded through a compression spring which acts upon it.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve, in particular, a high-pressure injection valve, for injecting fuel directly into a combustion chamber of a compressed-mixture internal combustion engine with externally supplied ignition. The fuel injection valve includes a guide and seating area formed by three disc-shaped elements provided at the downstream end of the valve. A swirl element is embedded between a guide element and a valve seat element. The guide element is used to guide a valve needle which passes through it and can move in the axial direction, while a valve closing segment of the valve needle interacts with a valve seat surface of the valve seat element. The swirl element has an inner opening area with multiple swirl channels which are not joined to the outer circumference of the swirl element. The entire opening area extends completely across the axial thickness of the swirl element.

Abstract: The polymerization of a vinylaromatic or vinylaliphatic compound at elevated temperature in the absence of air is inhibited by processing the vinylaromatic or vinylaliphatic compound in the presence of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl or 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxylalone or in admixture with p-nitrosophenol or 2-methyl-4-nitrosophenol.

Abstract: A process for separating ethylbenzene and styrene by distillation is described. The process provides the advantages of a vapor compression/heat pump system, and is designed in such a manner that the energy applied is optimally utilized. The head pressure of the distillation column (1) is controlled in a simple manner, whereby a surprisingly stable column is achieved.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives containing carboxyl groups with the general structure of formula (I): ##STR1## alone or in mixtures with one another, in which the substituents on the cyclohexane ring are in the 1-, 2-, and 4-positions, Z is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- group or a ##STR2## group, R is an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, are obtained by the hydrocarboxyalkylation of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and are useful as monomers for the formation of polymers.

Abstract: Hydrocarboxyalkylation of .alpha.,.omega.-dienes with carbon monoxide and an alcohol in the presence of a cobalt compound and a tertiary amine gives .omega.-enecarboxylic acid esters with high selectivity and in good yields.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing cyclooctanedicarboxylic acid diesters by hydrocarboxyalkylation of 1,5-cyclooctadiene over a cobalt catalyst in the presence of tertiary amines is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 5-arylnicotinaldehydes by reduction of the corresponding 5-arylnicotinic acids by catalytic hydrogenation in the presence of carboxylic anhydrides in which the catalyst used is a palladium/ligand complex, characterized in that the molar ratio between palladium and ligand is from 1:5 to 1:15 in the case of monodentate ligands and from 1:2.5 to 1:7.5 in the case of bidentate ligands.