Abstract: A defined peak region residing between about 3.2 and 3.4 ppm of a proton NMR spectrum of an in vitro biosample is electronically evaluated to determine a level of trimethylamine-N-oxide (“TMAO”). The biosample may be any suitable biosamples including human serum with a normal biologic range of between about 1-50 ?M or urine with a normal biologic range of between about 0-1000 ?M.

Abstract: A drill cutter bit having good performance characteristics for drilling in various types of strata including not only hard and medium rock formations but also soft rock formations such as in mine roof drilling. The drill bit includes an elongated hollow shank portion and an integral head portion having multiple working surfaces provided with a transversely extending slot adapted to receive a plate-like, insert cutter element therein. The work surfaces include pairs of oppositely disposed heel and compression surfaces that taper downwardly and outwardly via a predetermined compression angle to provide an abrading and shearing action for progressively reducing the drill cuttings to a relatively dust-like consistency. A pair of oppositely disposed dust collecting openings are constructed and arranged to cooperate with the compression surfaces to define dust collection intake passageways that act to give a metering action on the dust-like material for removal through the shank portion during drilling.