Abstract: Disclosed is an animal litter that includes a palm oil residue, possibly in combination with another absorbent material such as whole ground grain, virgin germ, seed meal, spent germ or clay. The palm oil residue may be palm kernel cake, palm oil sludge, or palm pressed fiber. Also disclosed are a method for removing animal waste and a process for preparing an animal litter. The method for removal of animal waste includes allowing an animal to excrete waste into a container that includes a litter, the litter comprising a palm oil residue. The process for preparing an animal litter comprises combining the materials that make up the litter to form the litter.

Abstract: Disclosed is an animal litter that includes a palm oil residue, possibly in combination with another absorbent material such as whole ground grain, virgin germ, seed meal, spent germ or clay. The palm oil residue may be palm kernel cake, palm oil sludge, or palm pressed fiber. Also disclosed are a method for removing animal waste and a process for preparing an animal litter. The method for removal of animal waste includes allowing an animal to excrete waste into a container that includes a litter, the litter comprising a palm oil residue. The process for preparing an animal litter comprises combining the materials that make up the litter to form the litter.

Abstract: A process for continuously converting starch to paste by heating an aqueous starch slurry with an enzyme to an elevated temperature and holding the mixture at an elevated temperature for a time to gelatinize the starch granules and produce a starch paste of desired viscosity. Then, the starch-enzyme stream is further heated and held at an elevated temperature and for a time sufficient to inactivate the enzyme and after which a starch paste having a desired and substantially stable viscosity is recovered.Preferred apparatus of the invention includes a single, compact, continuous processing unit which minimizes the required equipment and includes a starch conversion conduit adapted for conveying an admixed stream of an aqueous starch slurry and a liquid stream containing an enzyme. Inlet lines for introducing an aqueous starch slurry and a liquid stream containing an enzyme capable of depolymerizing starch into said starch conversion conduit are provided.

Abstract: Gelatinization and dispersion of starch with a starch solvent such as sodium hydroxide and using mechanical shear.