Abstract: A fluid transfer apparatus may comprise a housing with first and second opposing openings and a plate extending across the housing. The plate has a first surface facing the first opening and a second surface facing the second opening, a first pin coupled to the first surface and extending from the first surface, a second pin coupled to the second surface and extending from the second surface, a channel that allows fluid to pass from the first opening to the second opening, a plurality of first inner ribs, each having a horizontally extending portion along the first surface, a first gasket interposed between the first surface and the first opening, wherein the first gasket comprises a first center gasket opening surrounding the first pin and the plurality of first inner ribs, and a second gasket interposed between the second surface and the second opening.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxylammonium nitrate which comprises reacting a hydroxylammonium salt, e.g., the sulfate, with an aqueous solution of a nitrate salt, e.g., sodium nitrate, in the presence of an organic solvent, e.g., butanol, in which the hydroxylammonium nitrate is soluble and the by-product salts are insoluble.

Abstract: A process for preparing concentrated solutions of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) or hydroxylammonium perchlorate (HAP) which comprise reacting hydroxylammonium sulfate with either barium nitrate or barium perchlorate, in such a way that the dissolved barium salt is reacted with the dissolving hydroxylammonium sulfate while agitating the system so as to keep the slurried barium salt from directly contacting the hydroxylammonium sulfate. The rate of addition of the hydroxylammonium sulfate is slower than the rate of solution of the barium salt. An excess of barium nitrate or barium perchlorate ions is needed in the solution to which the hydroxylammonium sulfate is added until the reaction is terminated. The concentration of the HAN or HAP in the final solution can be increased still further if a solution of HAN or HAP is respectively used in forming the barium salt slurry.