Abstract: A method the electron-beam irradiation of gemstones for uniform color enhancement requiring an electron-beam source having a capacity of 500 kW generating energy of between 3 MeV to 50 MeV. The method requires the gemstones to be moved in and out of the electron-beam path with the electron-beam source also being oscillated but in a direction ninety degrees opposed to the gemstones. Cooling means for the gemstones are also required to prevent heat stress cracking. Gemstones such as beryl, diamonds, quartz, sapphires, tourmaline, dark pearls and other minerals are suitable. More particularly the method relates to the treatment of topaz.

Abstract: Coating formulations which behave as elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by creating a fluid having distributed therein effective amounts of ionic charge sites and countercharge sites. For instance, elastic solids having reversible stress-induced fluidity are prepared by combining liquid formulations with a dispersion of a small, but effective, amount of at least one crystalline mixed metal hydroxide conforming substantially to the formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) (A.sup.n).sub.a .multidot.xH.sub.2 Owhere m is zero to one, D is a divalent metal, d is from zero to 4, T is a trivalent metal, A represents at least one anion or negative-valence radical of valence n and a is the amount of A, where n is 1 or more, (m+2d+3+n.multidot.a) is equal to or greater than 3, (m+d) is greater than zero, and xH.sub.2 O represents excess waters of hydration, if any.

Abstract: This invention is a polymer containing a plurality of ketone groups in the polymer backbone and containing an amount of a non-volatile, ionizable metal salt sufficient to render it static dissipative. The polymer is substantially devoid of a fatty acid salt, a C.sub.6 -C.sub.30 carboxylic acid ester and a phosphate ester compound. The static dissipative polymer can be used neat or blended with other polymers for use in applications requiring static dissipative behavior.

Abstract: A polymeric laminate and packaging material produced therefrom have (a) at least one conductive layer and (b) at least one static dissipative layer comprising a polymer composition having dispersed therein a non-volatile ionizable metal salt, said static dissipative layer being in electrical contact with the conductive layer. Such a laminate is found to provide shielding and static dissipation suitable for packaging of electrostatically sensitive items such as electronic components.

Abstract: Crystalline layered mixed metal hydroxides (LMMHs) which are substantially free of unbound water and which conform substantially to the general formulaLi.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(3+m+d),wherem represents an amount of Li of from 0 to 3,D represents a divalent metal cation, and d represents an amount of D of from 0 to 8.0,T represents a trivalent metal cation, and (3+m+d) represents an amount which substantially satisfies the valence requirements of Li, D and T, andwhere m+d does not equal zero,are prepared, in an organic reaction medium which is essentially free of unbound water, by mixing predetermined metal organo compounds in predetermined ratios and reacting the metal organo compounds with at least one reagent which supplies OH.sup.- ions to replace the beginning anions in the mixture of metal compounds.A preferred LMMH is one which conforms substantially to the generic formula Mg.sub.d Al(OH).sub.(3+d), where d represents the amount of Mg per each unit of Al.

Abstract: A composition comprising a thermoplastic electroconductive resin matrix containing a multiplicity of reinforcing carbonaceous fibers, the improvement which comprises said reinforcing fibers comprising resilient shaped reforming elongatable non-linear non-flammable conductive carbonaceous fibers, the fibers having a reversible deflection ratio of greater than 1.2:1 and an aspect ratio (1/d) of greater than 10:1.

Abstract: An electrorheological fluid wherein the discrete phase comprises a layered mixed metal hydroxide of the formulae:Li.sub.m D.sub.d T(OH).sub.(m+2d+3+na) A.sub.a.sup.n andMg.sub.x Al.sub.y (OH).sub.zand the continuous phase is a low dielectric fluid. The layered mixed metal hydroxides may be functionalized with an aliphatic carboxylic acid or with the reaction product of a clay and an amine salt to provide a more dispersible particulate phase. The electrorheological fluids have improved thermal stability and provide a strong response to low electric field strengths while requiring a low concentration of layered mixed metal hydroxide component.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyurethane foam by allowing a reaction mixture comprising at least one polyisocyanate component and at least one polyfunctional active hydrogen component to react, a compound selected from the group consisting of oxynitrate salts of metals of Group IV B of the Mendeleef periodic table, is employed as a cell opening additive. Such oxynitrate salts are also effective to modify tin tolerance of urethane formulations. The oxynitrate compounds are effective in both free rise and molded foam processes. Cell opening is accomplished, for instance, by reacting toluene diisocyanate with a polypropoxy/polyethoxy polyol in the presence of an oxynitrate salt of a Group IV B metal, such as zirconium oxynitrate, to form a foam having more open cells than a similar foam without oxynitrate.

Abstract: This invention is an antistatic polyurethane shoe sole which is prepared by reacting in a closed mold a reaction mixture comprising(a) a relatively high equivalent weight polyester polyol or a relatively high equivalent weight polyether polyol containing about 5-25 weight percent repeating units derived from ethylene oxide and about 75-95 weight percent repeating units derived from a C3-C6 cyclic ether,(b) a chain extender compound, in an amount from about 5 to about 40 parts per 100 parts of component (a),(c) a sufficient amount of a blowing agent to provide a density of about 10 to about 65 pounds per cubic foot,(d) a polyisocyanate, in an amount to provide about 0.9 to about 1.2 isocyanate groups per active hydrogen-containing group present in the reaction mixture, and(e) a non-volatile ionizable metal salt, in an amount from about 0.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyurethane foam by allowing a reaction mixture comprising at least one polyisocyanate component and at least one polyfunctional active hydrogen component to react, a compound selected from the group consisting of oxynitrate salts of metals of Group IV B of the Mendeleef periodic table, is employed as a cell opening additive. Such oxynitrate salts are also effective to modify tin tolerance of urethane formulations. The oxynitrate compounds are effective in both free rise and molded foam processes. Cell opening is accomplished, for instance, by reacting toluene diisocyanate with a polypropoxy/polyethoxy polyol in the presence of an oxynitrate salt of a Group IV B metal, such as zirconium oxynitrate, to form a foam having more open cells than a similar foam without oxynitrate.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyurethane foam by allowing a reaction mixture comprising at least one polyisocyanate component and at least one polyfunctional active hydrogen component to react, a compound selected from the group consisting of oxynitrate salts of metals of Group IV B of the Mendeleef periodic table, is employed as a cell opening additive. Such oxynitrate salts are also effective to modify tin tolerance of urethane formulations. The oxynitrate compounds are effective in both free rise and molded foam processes. Cell opening is accomplished, for instance, by reacting toluene diisocyanate with a polypropoxy/polyethoxy polyol in the presence of an oxynitrate salt of a Group IV B metal, such as zirconium oxynitrate, to form a foam having more open cells than a similar foam without oxynitrate.

Abstract: An antistatic additive for polymers, particularly polyurethanes, is disclosed. The additive comprises an ionizable metal salt of a fluoroalkyl sulfonic acid and an enhancer. The enhancer is generally a salt or ester of a carboxylic acid or a phosphate ester.

Abstract: In a process for producing polyurethane foam by allowing a reaction mixture comprising at least one polyisocyanate component and at least one polyfunctional active hydrogen component to react, a compound selected from the group consisting of oxynitrate salts of metals of Group IV B of the Mendeleef periodic table, is employed as a cell opening additive. Such oxynitrate salts are also effective to modify tin tolerance of urethane formulations. The oxynitrate compounds are effective in both free rise and molded foam processes. Cell opening is accomplished, for instance, by reacting toluene diisocyanate with a polypropoxy/polyethoxy polyol in the presence of an oxynitrate salt of a Group IV B metal, such as zirconium oxynitrate, to form a foam having more open cells than a similar foam without oxynitrate.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielded body comprising laminating or adhering to the surface of the body or incorporating as an internal lamina of a multiple laminar body a layer of film or powder of an electroconductive material which consists of a dehydrohalogenated haloorganic polymer or copolymeric material prepared by dehydrohalogenating said haloorganic polymeric material in the presence of at least one-half mole of a liquid or solution of an amine per mole of halogen moiety in said polymeric material at from 15.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. for from about 2 minutes to about 14 days.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielded body comprising laminating or adhering to the surface of the body or incorporating as an internal lamina of a multiple laminar body a layer of film or powder of an electroconductive material which consists of a dehydrohalogenated haloorganic polymer or copolymeric material prepared by dehydrohalogenating said haloorganic polymeric material in the presence of at least one-half mole of a liquid or solution of an amine per mole of halogen moiety in said polymeric material at from 15.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C. for from about 2 minutes to about 14 days.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shielded body comprising laminating or adhering to the surface of the body or incorporating as an internal lamina of a multiple laminar body a layer of film or powder of an electroconductive material which consists of a dehydrohalogenated haloorganic polymer or copolymeric material prepared by dehydrohalogenating said haloorganic polymeric material in the presence of at least one-half mole of a liquid or solution of an amine per mole of halogen moiety in said polymeric material at from 15.degree. C. to about 205.degree. C. for from about 2 minutes to about 14 days.

Abstract: An antistatic additive for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a non-ionizable salt or ester of an organic acid.

Abstract: An antistatic agent for polymers, particularly polyurethanes is disclosed comprising an ionizable metal salt and an enhancer comprising a phosphate ester.

Abstract: Electroconductive foams are prepared by dehydrohalogenating a foam containing a halogen-containing polymer.