Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a longitudinal acceleration estimation module, a vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor, a road grade estimation module, and an actuator control module. The longitudinal acceleration estimation module estimates a longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle based on at least one of a transmission output speed and a wheel speed. The vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor measures the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. The road grade estimation module estimates a grade of a road on which the vehicle is traveling based on the estimated longitudinal acceleration and the measured longitudinal acceleration. The actuator control module controls an actuator of the vehicle based on the estimated road grade.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a longitudinal acceleration estimation module, a vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor, a road grade estimation module, and an actuator control module. The longitudinal acceleration estimation module estimates a longitudinal acceleration of a vehicle based on at least one of a transmission output speed and a wheel speed. The vehicle longitudinal acceleration sensor measures the longitudinal acceleration of the vehicle. The road grade estimation module estimates a grade of a road on which the vehicle is traveling based on the estimated longitudinal acceleration and the measured longitudinal acceleration. The actuator control module controls an actuator of the vehicle based on the estimated road grade.

Abstract: A vehicle having an engine that drives a transmission includes a pump that provides fluid to the transmission and a temperature sensor that monitors a temperature of the fluid. The temperature sensor generates a temperature signal. A control module receives the temperature signal and operates the pump to provide the fluid at a first pressure when the temperature signal is below an upper temperature limit. The control module operates the pump to provide the fluid at a second pressure when the temperature signal is above the upper temperature limit.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a device to aid in the placement of eye drops from an ophthalmic medication containing bottle. The device of the present invention is designed to be attached to the bottle at all times, including while in use. Furthermore, the present invention is specifically designed to aid in the easy removal and replacement of ophthalmic solution containing bottle caps. The present invention, in its most basic form, comprises an eye ring, a bottle attaching portion and a flexible extension connecting the eye ring to the bottle attaching portion, wherein the eye ring and flexible extension may be moved off of the bottle axis to permit easy removal and replacement of the bottle cap.