Abstract: An automatic trip gate for installation in a gate support structure at a bank of an impounded body of water. The automatic trip gate controls a release of an overflow of water through the gate support structure upon the occurrence of an overflow event. The automatic trip gate includes a plate supported by a hinge assembly that attaches to the support structure. A trough attached to the plate catches and retains overflow water. When the level of overflow water in the trough reaches a tipping level, the plate pivots from a substantially vertical orientation wherein the impounded body of water is maintained behind the plate, to a tipped position wherein the impounded body of water is released o through the gate support. A plunge pool is located below the automatic trip gate that absorbs the energy imparted by the plate when tripped.

Abstract: An automatic trip gate for installation in a gate support structure at a bank of an impounded body of water. The automatic trip gate controls a release of an overflow of water through the gate support structure upon the occurrence of an overflow event. The automatic trip gate includes a plate supported by a hinge assembly that attaches to the support structure. A trough attached to the plate catches and retains overflow water. When the level of overflow water in the trough reaches a tipping level, the plate pivots from a substantially vertical orientation wherein the impounded body of water is maintained behind the plate, to a tipped position wherein the impounded body of water is released o through the gate support. A plunge pool is located below the automatic trip gate that absorbs the energy imparted by the plate when tripped.

Abstract: A micro-reactor is provided with a mixture of channels having larger cross-sectional areas (17?,22?,25?,27?,31?,33?) and channels having smaller cross-sectional areas (40a?,40b?,40c?). The smaller channels (40a?,40b?,40c?) resist liquid movement driven by hydrostatic force but allow liquid movement driven by electro-osmotic force. Accordingly liquid flow is almost entirely driven by electro-osmotic force. The smaller channels (40a?,40b?,40c?) are formed by etched grooves which are closed by a planar surface 13. This allows the cross-sectional areas of the smaller channels to be closely and reproducibly controlled.

Abstract: A microchip device has at least one passage along which a liquid can be moved by applying a voltage to the liquid. The device includes a passage member (10, 12) in which the passage is formed and which has an aperture (20, 22). Additionally the device includes an electrode member (14) that comprises an electrode (42, 44) and that is separably engageable with the passage member. The device includes a reservoir in fluid communication with the passages for holding a liquid. The electrode member cooperates with the aperture so that the electrode is in fluid communication with the passage without the electrode member obstructing the opening of the reservoir.

Abstract: A micro-reactor is provided with a mixture of channels having larger cross-sectional areas (17′,22′,25′,27′,31′,33′) and channels having smaller cross-sectional areas (40a′,40b′,40c′). The smaller channels (40a′,40b′,40c′) resist liquid movement driven by hydrostatic force but allow liquid movement driven by electro-osmotic force. Accordingly liquid flow is almost entirely driven by electro-osmotic force. The smaller channels (40a′,40b′,40c′) are formed by etched grooves which are closed by a planar surface 13. This allows the cross-sectional areas of the smaller channels to be closely and reproducibly controlled.

Abstract: A microchip device has at least one passage along which a liquid can be moved by applying a voltage to the liquid. The device includes a passage member (10,12) in which the passage is formed and which has an aperture (20,22). Additionally the device includes an electrode member (14) that comprises an electrode (42,44) and that is separably engageable with the passage member. The device includes a reservoir in fluid communication with the passages for holding a liquid. The electrode member cooperates with the aperture so that the electrode is in fluid communication with the passage without the electrode member obstructing the opening of the reservoir.

Abstract: A method of controlling liquid movement in a chemical device comprising a porous structure involved applying an electrical potential to generate an electroosmotic force in the porous structure so as to propel a liquid through the porous structure. Also the porous structure is used to resist or prevent flow of a liquid through the porous structure in response to hydrostatic force.