Abstract: A method of forming a glass substrate includes providing a glass substrate having alumina, translating a pulsed laser beam on the glass substrate to form one or more pilot holes, contacting the glass substrate with an etching solution, and providing agitation. The etching solution has a pH from about 0 to about 2.0, and an etch rate is less than about 3 ?m/min. A glass substrate is disclosed having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface in a thickness direction, and at least one hole penetrating the first surface, wherein the at least one hole has been etched by an etching solution. A greatest distance d1 between (1) a first plane that contacts the first surface in regions that do not have the at least one hole or a deviation in a thickness of the substrate surrounding the at least one hole and (2) a surface of the deviation recessed from the first plane is less than or equal to about 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: A method of making an antimicrobial article including the steps: providing an article having a first surface and ion-exchangeable metal ions, a strengthening bath comprising ion-exchanging metal ions larger in size than the ion-exchangeable metal ions, and an antimicrobial bath comprising antimicrobial ions, ion-exchangeable metal ions and ion-exchanging ions; submersing the article in the strengthening bath to exchange ion-exchangeable metal ions with ion-exchanging metal ions in the strengthening bath to form a compressive stress region extending from the first surface to a first depth; forming a layer on the first surface arranged over the compressive stress region and defining a second surface; and submersing the article and the layer in the antimicrobial bath to exchange ion-exchangeable and ion-exchanging metal ions in the compressive stress region with antimicrobial ions to impart an antimicrobial region with antimicrobial ions extending from the second surface of the layer to a second depth.

Abstract: A method of forming a glass substrate includes providing a glass substrate having alumina, translating a pulsed laser beam on the glass substrate to form one or more pilot holes, contacting the glass substrate with an etching solution, and providing agitation. The etching solution has a pH from about 0 to about 2.0, and an etch rate is less than about 3 ?m/min. A glass substrate is disclosed having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface in a thickness direction, and at least one hole penetrating the first surface, wherein the at least one hole has been etched by an etching solution. A greatest distance d1 between (1) a first plane that contacts the first surface in regions that do not have the at least one hole or a deviation in a thickness of the substrate surrounding the at least one hole and (2) a surface of the deviation recessed from the first plane is less than or equal to about 0.2 ?m.

Abstract: A method of making an antimicrobial article including the steps: providing an article having a first surface and ion-exchangeable metal ions, a strengthening bath comprising ion-exchanging metal ions larger in size than the ion-exchangeable metal ions, and an antimicrobial bath comprising antimicrobial ions, ion-exchangeable metal ions and ion-exchanging ions; submersing the article in the strengthening bath to exchange ion-exchangeable metal ions with ion-exchanging metal ions in the strengthening bath to form a compressive stress region extending from the first surface to a first depth; forming a layer on the first surface arranged over the compressive stress region and defining a second surface; and submersing the article and the layer in the antimicrobial bath to exchange ion-exchangeable and ion-exchanging metal ions in the compressive stress region with antimicrobial ions to impart an antimicrobial region with antimicrobial ions extending from the second surface of the layer to a second depth.