Abstract: A method for a user equipment (UE) communicating with a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node is provided. The method transmits one or more parameters to a ground-based base station (BS) communicatively coupled to the NTN node, the one or more parameters transmitted through at least one of uplink control information (UCI), a periodic Channel State Information (CSI) report with CSI information, a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE), and a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). The one or more parameters are transmitted to the ground-based BS for indicating accuracy of time and frequency synchronization associated with communication between the UE and the NTN node.

Abstract: A user equipment (UE) includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media having computer-executable instructions embodied thereon, and at least one processor coupled to the one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, and configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to: estimate a first Doppler frequency shift in a signal received from a non-terrestrial network (NTN) node at a first time instance, estimate a second Doppler frequency shift in the signal at a second time instance, estimate a signal propagation delay between the NTN node and the UE based on the first Doppler frequency shift and the second Doppler frequency shift, and apply the signal propagation delay to compensate for an uplink transmission from the UE to the NTN node.