Abstract: A microelectronic device including a galvanic isolator with filler metal within an upper isolation element. The galvanic isolator includes a lower isolation element, an upper isolation element, and an inorganic dielectric plateau between the lower isolation element and the upper isolation element. The upper isolation element contains tines of filler metal which are electrically tied to each other and are electrically tied to the upper isolation element. The ends of the tines are rounded to minimize electric fields. The filler metal increases the overall metal density on the metal layer of the upper isolation element to meet the typical metal density requirements of modern microelectronic fabrication processing.

Abstract: A microelectronic device includes a galvanic isolation device on a silicon substrate and a semiconductor device on a semiconductor substrate. The galvanic isolation device includes a lower isolation element over the silicon substrate and an upper isolation element above the lower isolation element, separated by a dielectric plateau that comprises inorganic dielectric material extending from the lower isolation element to the upper isolation element. The galvanic isolation device includes lower bond pads connected to the lower isolation element adjacent to the dielectric plateau, and upper bond pads over the dielectric plateau, connected to the upper isolation element. The semiconductor device includes an active component, and device bond pads coupled to the active component. The microelectronic device includes first electrical connections to the lower bond pads and second electrical connections to the upper bond pads.

Abstract: An electrochemical detection system which specifically detects selected nucleic acid segments is described. The system utilizes biological probes such as nucleic acid or peptide nucleic acid probes which are complementary to and specifically hybridize with selected nucleic acid segments in order to generate a measurable current when an amperometric potential is applied. The electrochemical signal can be quantified.

Abstract: An electrochemical detection system which specifically detects selected nucleic acid segments is described. The system utilizes biological probes such as nucleic acid or peptide nucleic acid probes which are complementary to and specifically hybridize with selected nucleic acid segments in order to generate a measurable current when an amperometric potential is applied. The electrochemical signal can be quantified.

Abstract: An electrochemical detection system which specifically detects selected nucleic acid segments is described. The system utilizes biological probes such as nucleic acid or peptide nucleic acid probes which are complementary to and specifically hybridize with selected nucleic acid segments in order to generate a measurable current when an amperometric potential is applied. The electrochemical signal can be quantified.

Abstract: Immunoassay methods and standards are provided for determining the presence of polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, in a sample of interest:

Abstract: An electrochemical detection system which specifically detects selected nucleic acid segments is described. The system utilizes biological probes such as nucleic acid or peptide nucleic acid probes which are complementary to and specifically hybridize with selected nucleic acid segments in order to generate a measurable current when an amperometric potential is applied. The electrochemical signal can be quantified.

Abstract: A method for the quantitative determination of oil in a soil matrix is provided, in which the method involves: extracting a soil sample with a solvent in the presence of a drying agent to provide an extract containing oil, if present in the soil sample, wherein the solvent is capable of complete solvation of oil and is completely miscible with water; filtering the extract; combining the filtered extract with water in the presence of an emulsifier to form an assay sample; and determining the amount of oil in the soil sample by measuring the turbidity of the assay sample to provide a turbidimetric response for the assay sample which correlates to concentration of oil present in the assay sample and comparing the turbidimetric response to a standard curve prepared from performing the methods on soil samples of known oil content. A kit for performing the method is also provided.

Abstract: An immunoassay method that integrates a sample processing component that enables the testing of samples for the presence of an immunologically non-remarkable compound, such as benzene, by the use of a monoclonal antibody having specific reactivity for an immunologically remarkable compound, such as nitrobenzene, which has been prepared by reacting the immunologically non-remarkable compound with derivatizing agent, and the components for performing the method, wherein one example of the immunoassay utilizes a monoclonal anti-nitrobenzene antibody to detect the presence or absence of benzene contamination in an aqueous sample when tested in a field or laboratory location.

Abstract: A method for detecting urea in a liquid sample in which urease is adsorbed on a solid support such as a membrane and contacted with a solution suspected of containing urea, a pH-dependent reducing agent and a tetrazolium salt. When urea is present in the solution, the adsorbed urease converts it to ammonia, thus raising the pH and causing the pH-dependent reducing agent to reduce the tetrazolium salt to an insoluble colored formazan. The formazan precipitates as a detectable spot on the solid support, indicating the presence of urea in the liquid sample.

Abstract: A substrate composition for use in a solid phase enzyme assay for urease or in a solid phase enzyme immunoassay which includes urease as a label. The substrate composition includes a compound converted by urease to ammonia and a pH dependent reducing agent which reduces a tetrazolium salt when the pH of the medium has been raised by the ammonia produced. The tetrazolium salt may optionally be included in the substrate composition. Reduction of the tetrazolium salt produces a colored insoluble formazan which precipitates on the solid phase as an indication of the presence of urease.

Abstract: An immunoassay for detecting total aldicarb in an aqueous sample suspected of containing the same is disclosed. In the inventive method, an oxidant is added to the aqueous sample, with the oxidant provided in an amount sufficient to oxidize all aldicarb contained in the solution to aldicarb sulfone. Next, the aqueous sample is combined with a thioether solution capable of neutralizing excess oxidant in the aqueous sample to thereby provide a neutralized test solution. The neutralized test solution is then contacted to an antibody capable of binding aldicarb sulfone, and the aldicarb sulfone bound to the antibody detected.

Abstract: A method for enzyme immunoassay of a ligand includes urease as a label. A bound fraction of ligand and antiligand conjugated to urease is formed on a solid support. The urease component of the bound fraction is contacted with a substrate composition for urease which includes a compound converted to ammonia by the urease, a tetrazolium salt and a pH dependent reducing agent which reduces the tetrazolium salt when the pH of the assay medium has been raised by the ammonia. The tetrazolium salt is reduced to a colored insoluble formazan which precipitates as a detectable spot on the support. The invention includes the substrate composition and a kit of materials for performing the assay.