Abstract: In some examples, an apparatus can include a syringe body including an electrical interface at a side surface of the syringe body, an interface at an end of the syringe body including an output at a distal surface of the syringe body, a print material particles reservoir located in the syringe body, and a structure to adapt a volume of the print material particles reservoir to move print material particles out of the print material particles reservoir through the output, where in response to the volume adapting structure moving from a first position to a second position, a signal is transmitted by the electrical interface.

Abstract: A system receives a packet at a router, and pushes a label onto a label stack. The label stack is associated with the packet. The system provides a forwarding record containing label bindings for the router, and transmits the forwarding record to a collector. A system receives a forwarding record from a router. The system compares a first record entry type of the forwarding record with a second record entry type of the forwarding record to determine the traffic flow in the network. The system then maps the traffic flow in the network, based on a result of the comparing.

Abstract: Techniques for distributing digital content include receiving provider content over a network connection at a customer premises node located on premises of a first customer. The provider content is offered by a network service provider different from the first customer. Provider data based on the provider content is stored in non-volatile storage on the customer premises node of the first customer. It is determined whether conditions are satisfied for sending the provider content to a second customer different from the first customer. If it is determined that such conditions are satisfied, then the provider data is retrieved from the non-volatile storage, and data based on the provider data is sent over the network connection for receipt by the second customer. Thereby a customer premises node serves as a cache of provider content for other customer premises nodes on the same last mile segment or access network.

Abstract: A method of removing at least a part of a thermal sprayed wear resistant coating on a gas turbine engine part includes grinding the thermal sprayed wear resistant coating with a superabrasive grinding wheel.

Abstract: A traceroute mechanism enables responses to the traceroute to reach the originating router (originator) along a multihop pseudowire (PW). A traceroute message includes an accumulator operable to count hops along a MH-PW, implemented as a time-to-live (TTL) field, as is known in the art. An originator router employs multiple TTL values, and decrements one of the TTL “accumulators” for each hop. At the ultimate (terminal) router defining the end of the multihop PW, a TTL in the return message is set to the number of hops traveled by the traceroute. The difference between the accumulator and the initial TTL value determines the number of hops traveled by the traceroute message, and hence the number of hops back to the originating node. The traceroute return message, now having a TTL set to the number of hops of the counterpart traceroute, reaches the originator when the TTL value is decremented to zero.

Abstract: Percussive signal transmission tubes, of contrasting color, are joined along adjacent longitudinally extending portions by an adhesive bead of polymeric material. The tubes can be separated in the field and are provided on spools without any sheath. A small diameter (0.10 inch) tube can be used to reduce the size of the spool, or increase the length of tubing wound on the spool. An apparatus for assembling the product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and computer system for auto-routing of multi-hop pseudowires is presented. A first Provider Edge (PE) device receives an advertisement from a layer 2 (L2) capable network device, the advertisement including routing state for reaching the L2 device. A first Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) table is populated with the routing state for said L2 capable network device which is reachable by way of an address family reserved for L2 end point reachability information. The first PE device advertises the first BGP table information within a first Service Provider (SP) network such that a multi-hop Pseudowire is capable of being established which includes the L2 capable device.

Abstract: Conventional network packet traffic loss/drop monitoring mechanisms, such as that employed for pseudowire, IP flow and tunnel traffic monitoring, do not process or diagnose the aggregate counts from both endpoints of a particular pseudowire. A packet loss and detection mechanism periodically exchanges traffic packet counts to maintain an accurate diagnosis of the pseudowire health from either endpoint. Further, the raw packet counts are analyzed to identify misrouted and lost packets, as both should be considered to assess network health and congestion. The pseudowire statistics are maintained for each pseudowire emanating from a particular edge router, providing a complete view of pseudowire traffic affecting a particular edge router. Such statistics are beneficial for problem detection, diagnosis, and for verification of throughput criteria such as those expressed in Quality of Service (QOS) terms and/or SLAs (service level agreements).

Abstract: A path verification protocol (PVP) which enumerates a series of messages sent to a set of nodes, or routers, along a network path identifies connectivity and transmission characteristic attributes by defining, implementing, and analyzing path verification messages (PVMs) in a VPN environment. Typical VPN environments are characterized by service level agreements (SLAs) between service providers which specify particular service level and/or bandwidth level guarantees, typically in terms of megabits per second (MB/s) or other qualitative transfer criteria. Such guarantees are often expressed in contractual terms as Quality of Service (QoS) criteria. Configurations herein provide a mechanism for determination of paths and/or routes that satisfy a QoS or other delivery speed/bandwidth guarantee. Such a mechanism may therefore be employed to perform routing decisions for QoS based traffic.

Abstract: A system and method for aggregating performance characteristics for core network paths allows computation of message traffic performance over each of the available candidate paths through the core for identifying an optimal core network path. Particular network traffic, or messages, include attributes indicative of performance, such as transport time, delay, jitter, and drop percentage, over individual hops along the candidate path. A diagnostic processor parses these messages to identify the attributes corresponding to performance, and analyzes the resulting parsed routing information to compute an expected performance, such as available bandwidth (e.g. transport rate) over the path. Messages including such attributes may include link state attribute (LSA) messages, diagnostic probe messages specifically targeted to enumerate such attributes, or other network suitable network traffic. In a particular configuration, the messages may be Path Verification Protocol (PVP) messages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing and maintaining a repository of service level test points for network based VPNs is presented. A determination is made regarding whether there is more than one Autonomous System (AS) in a network for one or more VPNs. When there is not more than one AS then next hops are found for the VPN. Next, VPN prefixes associated with the VPN are found and a set of Label Switching Paths (LSPs) in use for the VPN are produced. When the determination is that there is more than one AS then routers in the present AS associated with the VPN are found. VPN label stacks are used to find all Provider Edge (PE) routers associated with the VPN.

Abstract: A mechanism for ASBRs to identify the originating node, or router, in an LSP conversant autonomous system (AS), such as an MPLS VPN environment, maintains the identity of the originating node and successive nodes in subsequent autonomous systems along the path to the node to be pinged. The identity of the transporting nodes is stored in a stack or other object associated with the ping request (ping), such that the pinged node may employ the stored identity as a set of return path routing information. Successive ASBRs store their identity on the stack, in an ordered manner, along the path to the destination. Upon reaching the destination (ping) node, the destination node employs the identity of the first node on the stack to send the acknowledgment, or ping response. Each successive ASBR, therefore, pops (retrieves) the next node identity from the stack and redirects (sends) the ping response to the retrieved node.

Abstract: Percussive signal transmission tubes, of contrasting color, are joined along adjacent longitudinally extending portions by an adhesive bead of polymeric material. The tubes can be separated in the field and are provided on spools without any sheath. A small diameter (0.10 inch) tube can be used to reduce the size of the spool, or increase the length of tubing wound on the spool. An apparatus for assembling the product is also disclosed.

Abstract: Percussive signal transmission tubes, of contrasting color, are joined along adjacent longitudinally extending portions by an adhesive bead of polymeric material. The tubes can be separated in the field and are provided on spools without any sheath. A small diameter (0.10 inch) tube can be used to reduce the size of the spool, or increase the length of tubing wound on the spool. An apparatus for assembling the product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A path verification protocol (PVP) which enumerates a series of messages sent to a set of nodes, or routers, along a suspected path identifies forwarding plane problems for effecting changes at the control plane level. The messages include a command requesting interrogation of a further remote node for obtaining information about the path between the node receiving the PVP message and the further remote node. The node receiving the PVP message replies with a command response indicative of the outcome of attempts to reach the further remote node. The series of messages collectively covers a set of important routing points along a path from the originator to the recipient. The aggregate command responses to the series of PVP messages is analyzed to identify not only whether the entire path is operational, but also the location and nature of the problem.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assuring consistency between MPLS forwarding and control planes. The control plane can be made aware of forwarding plane anomalies and can respond appropriately. One particular application is assuring consistency between forwarding and control planes of a Fast Reroute backup tunnels used to protect an MPLS Traffic Engineering LSP from a link and/or a node failure. When a backup tunnel forwarding failure is detected, the control plane can react by, for example, rerouting the backup tunnel and/or sending a notification to the operator or head-end of the protected Traffic Engineering LSP.

Abstract: Access control approaches are disclosed wherein managed object in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Management Information Bases (MIBs) are accessed on a per- Virtual Private Network (VPN)-basis, taking into account multiple topologies that may exist under multi-topology routing (MTR) deployments, with no modifications to existing MIBs. One approach involves determining an identifier of a virtual private network in the request and a context name; determining, based on the context name, one or more sub-contexts that are either explicitly or implicitly specified in the context name; identifying, among a plurality of instances of managed objects that are associated with one or more routing topologies of a multi-topology routing system, a subset of object instances that requests associated with the virtual private network are permitted to access; and providing the request with access to only the subset of object instances.

Abstract: Percussive signal transmission tubes, of contrasting color, are joined along adjacent longitudinally extending portions by an adhesive bead of polymeric material. The tubes can be separated in the field and are provided on spools without any sheath. A small diameter (0.10 inch) tube can be used to reduce the size of the spool, or increase the length of tubing wound on the spool. An apparatus for assembling the product is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved detonator includes a housing having an open end and an opposite, closed end and defining an axially-extending channel of the housing. A cushion element containing at least one aperture is disposed within the channel and is provided with a resilient, pliable and shock absorbent surface for contacting and retaining explosive material at the closed end of the detonator housing. The cushion element has a signal communicating membrane covering its at least one aperture for passage therethrough of an initiating signal to the explosive material. A method for assembling the detonator includes inserting explosive material into the axially extending channel of the detonator housing, inserting a cushion element having a signal communicating membrane into the channel, and pressing the cushion element towards the closed end of the housing for compacting the explosive material between the cushion element and the closed end of the housing.