Abstract: A method for checking an execution of a bytecode instruction of a safety program comprises: executing the bytecode instruction in a virtual machine; and checking by means of the virtual machine whether the bytecode instruction was executed correctly.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in an industrial environment, in particular an industrial machine, for the secure processing of data within a software container environment includes a data generating unit for generating application data and a data processing unit for processing the application data. The data processing unit, as a runtime environment, is configured to allow a plurality of logic modules to run on the data processing device. The logic modules include: at least one application module for executing at least one application using the application data and is configured to generate state data associated with the application; an adaptation module configured to receive the state data and to convert the state data into a format that is processable for a safety monitoring module configured to receive the converted state data from the adaptation module and to determine whether an error state exists on the basis of the converted state data.

Abstract: An industrial system comprises: a sensor and/or an actuator; a safety apparatus configured to execute a safety program for controlling the sensor and/or the actuator; and an update device configured: to obtain update information; to evaluate the update information; based on the evaluation, to determine whether the update information can be applied to the safety program; and, based on the determination, either to apply the update information to the safety program or to discard the update information.

Abstract: A compactor roller for a soil compactor comprises a roller shell (24), rotatable about a roller axis of rotation (W) and surrounding a roller interior (23), an oscillation/vibration assembly (28) arranged in the roller interior (23), wherein the oscillation/vibration assembly (28) comprises a first oscillation/vibration unit (30) with at least one drivable first unbalanced mass (50, 50?) for rotation about a first oscillation/vibration axis of rotation (D1), and a second oscillation/vibration unit (32) with at least one drivable second unbalanced mass (52, 52?) for rotation about a second oscillation/vibration axis of rotation (D2.

Abstract: A method executes at a computer system to retrieve data from a database. Upon receiving a database query, the computer system translates the query into an intermediate representation, and estimates a compilation time to compile the intermediate representation into machine executable code. The query execution time to retrieve a result set is also estimated. In accordance with a determination that the query execution time and compilation time satisfy an interpretation criterion, the computer system invokes a byte code interpreter to interpret the intermediate representation and retrieve the result set from the database. In accordance with a determination that the query execution and compilation times satisfy one of a plurality of compilation criteria, the computer system compiles the intermediate representation to form machine code and executes the machine code to retrieve the result set from the database. In some cases, the query intermediate representation is optimized prior to compilation.

Abstract: A safety device is provided for monitoring at least one machine that has at least one sensor for generating sensor data on the machine and a processing unit for the sensor data that is connected at least indirectly to the sensor and to the machine and that is configured as a runtime environment having at least one computing node and to allow at least one logic unit to run on the computing node, wherein at least one logic unit comprises a safety functional unit for a safety relevant evaluation of the sensor data to output in the case of a safety relevant event a safety signal to the machine for triggering a safety response, In this respect, the processing unit is furthermore configured to generate and resolve logic units and/or to assign them to a computing node.

Abstract: A microfluidic system including a number of microfluidic devices having a first perfusion path and a second separate perfusion path; the microfluidic devices each also having a chamber containing a matrix, where the matrix surrounds at least one void whose lumen is in fluidic connection exclusively with the first perfusion path, where the at least one void is populated with at least one cell type in such way that the cells are in direct contact with the matrix; where the matrix is in fluidic connection exclusively with the second separate perfusion path. The microfluidic devices are integrated onto a platform; and each of the microfluidic devices mimics at least a partial organ module.

Abstract: A method for the safe operation of a machine, which has a movable machine part comprising a hazardous section, comprises: the movable machine part moving according to a predefined sequence program; and an environment of the hazardous section being monitored, wherein, in the event of an engagement of an object into a defined protective volume, which is dependent on the current position of the hazardous section, within the monitored environment, a safety-related reaction is triggered that comprises the movement of the movable machine part being stopped if the engagement exceeds a defined engagement threshold of the protective volume.

Abstract: A safety device for monitoring at least one machine is provided that has at least one sensor for generating sensor data on the machine and a processing unit for the sensor data that is connected at least indirectly to the sensor and to the machine, that is configured as a performance environment having at least one computing node that is configured to allow a plurality of logic units to run on the at least one computing node, wherein at least one logic unit is configured as a safety function unit for a safety directed evaluation of the sensor data and at least one logic unit is configured as a diagnostic unit for monitoring the at least one safety function unit, In this respect the at least one safety function unit is configured to transmit status reports and performance reports to the diagnostic unit and the diagnostic unit is configured to recognize a safety related malfunction of the safety device in a status monitoring using statuses from the status reports and in a performance monitoring using the perfor

Abstract: A method executes at a computer system to retrieve data from a database. Upon receiving a database query, the computer system translates the query into an intermediate representation, and estimates a compilation time to compile the intermediate representation into machine executable code. The query execution time to retrieve a result set is also estimated. In accordance with a determination that the query execution time and compilation time satisfy an interpretation criterion, the computer system invokes a byte code interpreter to interpret the intermediate representation and retrieve the result set from the database. In accordance with a determination that the query execution and compilation times satisfy one of a plurality of compilation criteria, the computer system compiles the intermediate representation to form machine code and executes the machine code to retrieve the result set from the database. In some cases, the query intermediate representation is optimized prior to compilation.

Abstract: A method is executed at a computer system to retrieve data from a database. Upon receiving a database query, a database engine of the computer system parses the query to form an operator tree including a plurality of join operators. For one of the plurality of clauses, the database engine adds to the operator tree a respective node that specifies a mark join operator, a single join operator, an inner join operator, or an outer join operator. Specifically, the database engine adds the mark join operator when the clause includes one of a predetermined set of predicate subqueries, and adds the single join operator when the clause includes a scalar subquery. The database engine performs one or more optimization passes on the operator tree to form an optimized execution plan, and executes the optimized execution plan to retrieve a result set from the database.

Abstract: A method dynamically selects query execution operators. A database engine receives a query, parses the query to form a query execution tree, and compiles the tree to form a first executable plan that includes in-memory operators. The database engine executes the first plan, including executing in-memory operators in parallel. While executing a first in-memory operator, insufficient memory is detected. In response, the database engine aborts the execution, and recompiles the query tree in two ways, forming a second executable plan that replaces the first in-memory operator with a first spooling operator. The first spooling operator executes within a fixed volatile memory budget and swaps to non-volatile memory according to the budget. A third executable plan retains the first in-memory operator, but schedules it to run serially. The database engine selects either the second plan or the third plan, and executes the selected plan to return results for the query.

Abstract: A method executes at a computer system to retrieve data from a database. Upon receiving a database query, the computer system translates the query into an intermediate representation, and estimates a compilation time to compile the intermediate representation into machine executable code. The query execution time to retrieve a result set is also estimated. In accordance with a determination that the query execution time and compilation time satisfy an interpretation criterion, the computer system invokes a byte code interpreter to interpret the intermediate representation and retrieve the result set from the database. In accordance with a determination that the query execution and compilation times satisfy one of a plurality of compilation criteria, the computer system compiles the intermediate representation to form machine code and executes the machine code to retrieve the result set from the database. In some cases, the query intermediate representation is optimized prior to compilation.

Abstract: A method implements optimization of database queries by computing domain cardinality estimates. A client sends a database query to a server. The method parses the query to identify data columns. For each of the data columns, the method computes a lower bound and an upper bound of distinct data values using a pre-computed table size. The method also computes a patch factor by applying a pre-computed function to a ratio between a number of distinct data values that appear exactly once in a data sample and a number of distinct data values in the sample. Based on the patch factor, the lower bound, and the upper bound, the method computes an estimate of distinct values for each of the data columns. The method subsequently generates an execution plan for the query according to the computed estimates, executes the execution plan, and returns a result set to the client.

Abstract: A database engine includes one or more computing devices, each having one or more processors and memory. The memory stores programs configured for execution by the processors. The database engine receives a database query from a client, and parses the database query to build a query operator tree. The query operator tree includes a plurality of query operators. The database engine performs one or more optimization passes on the query operator tree, including a deduplication optimization pass, to form an optimized execution plan. The deduplication optimization pass includes determining that a first query operator is equivalent to a second query operator during a traversal of the query operator tree, and replacing the second query operator with a link to reuse results from the first query operator. The database engine executes the optimized execution plan to retrieve a result set from the database and returns the result set to the client.

Abstract: A safety device is provided for monitoring at least one machine that has at least one sensor for generating sensor data on the machine and a processing unit for the sensor data that is connected at least indirectly to the sensor and to the machine and that is configured as a runtime environment having at least one computing node and to allow at least one logic unit to run on the computing node, wherein at least one logic unit comprises a safety functional unit for a safety relevant evaluation of the sensor data to output in the case of a safety relevant event a safety signal to the machine for triggering a safety response, In this respect, the processing unit is furthermore configured to generate and resolve logic units and/or to assign them to a computing node.

Abstract: A method dynamically selects query execution operators. A database engine receives a query, parses the query to form a query execution tree, and compiles the tree to form a first executable plan that includes in-memory operators. The database engine executes the first plan, including executing in-memory operators in parallel. While executing a first in-memory operator, insufficient memory is detected. In response, the database engine aborts the execution, and recompiles the query tree in two ways, forming a second executable plan that replaces the first in-memory operator with a first spooling operator. The first spooling operator executes within a fixed volatile memory budget and swaps to non-volatile memory according to the budget. A third executable plan retains the first in-memory operator, but schedules it to run serially. The database engine selects either the second plan or the third plan, and executes the selected plan to return results for the query.

Abstract: A compactor roller for a soil compactor comprises a roller shell (24), rotatable about a roller axis of rotation (W) and surrounding a roller interior (23), an oscillation/vibration assembly (28) arranged in the roller interior (23), wherein the oscillation/vibration assembly (28) comprises a first oscillation/vibration unit (30) with at least one drivable first unbalanced mass (50, 50?) for rotation about a first oscillation/vibration axis of rotation (D1), and a second oscillation/vibration unit (32) with at least one drivable second unbalanced mass (52, 52?) for rotation about a second oscillation/vibration axis of rotation (D2.

Abstract: A manual controller for controlling a machine comprises a mounting platform and a control lever. The control lever is mounted in a joint on the mounting platform so that it can pivot about an axis. A position sensor detects the deflection of the control lever and generates a signal corresponding to the deflection. An evaluation and processing unit processes the signal from the position sensor and controls the machine according to the deflection. A return mechanism returns the control lever back to a starting position.

Abstract: A method dynamically selects query execution operators. A database engine receives a query, parses the query to form a query execution tree, and compiles the tree to form a first executable plan that includes in-memory operators. The database engine executes the first plan, including executing in-memory operators in parallel. While executing a first in-memory operator, insufficient memory is detected. In response, the database engine aborts the execution, and recompiles the query tree in two ways, forming a second executable plan that replaces the first in-memory operator with a first spooling operator. The first spooling operator executes within a fixed volatile memory budget and swaps to non-volatile memory according to the budget. A third executable plan retains the first in-memory operator, but schedules it to run serially. The database engine selects either the second plan or the third plan, and executes the selected plan to return results for the query.