Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a heat-not-burn tobacco aerosolization device aerosolizes a high viscosity, wet tobacco product at a very low temperature and reduces harmful and potentially harmful carcinogen (HPHC) emissions by six times or more relative to conventional heat-not-burn products while also providing substantially improved taste and user experience. Embodiments exemplified herein provide a compelling and healthier substitute for cigarette smoking that avoids the HPHC emissions of conventional heat-not-burn products while also avoiding the increased risk of addiction and short-term health effects reported in connection with conventional vaping devices.

Abstract: A target stand is described that may comprise a frame; first and second rails; and a trolley. The frame may support the first and second rails. The trolley may comprise a base, a first wheel assembly coupled to the base and in contact with the first rail, and a second wheel assembly coupled to the base and in contact with the second rail, wherein the trolley is movable between respective lower ends of the first and second rails and respective upper ends of the first and second rails via the first and second wheel assemblies contacting the first and second rails. The base of the trolley may comprise a proximal portion and a cantilevered portion extending away from the proximal portion to a free end, wherein the first and second wheel assemblies are coupled to the proximal portion and the cantilevered portion extends over the first and second rails.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a heat-not-burn tobacco aerosolization device aerosolizes a high viscosity, wet tobacco product at a very low temperature and reduces harmful and potentially harmful carcinogen (HPHC) emissions by six times or more relative to conventional heat-not-burn products while also providing substantially improved taste and user experience. Embodiments exemplified herein provide a compelling and healthier substitute for cigarette smoking that avoids the HPHC emissions of conventional heat-not-burn products while also avoiding the increased risk of addiction and short-term health effects reported in connection with conventional vaping devices.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a heat-not-burn tobacco aerosolization device aerosolizes a high viscosity, wet tobacco product at a very low temperature and reduces harmful and potentially harmful carcinogen (HPHC) emissions by six times or more relative to conventional heat-not-burn products while also providing substantially improved taste and user experience. Embodiments exemplified herein provide a compelling and healthier substitute for cigarette smoking that avoids the HPHC emissions of conventional heat-not-burn products while also avoiding the increased risk of addiction and short-term health effects reported in connection with conventional vaping devices.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a heat-not-burn tobacco aerosolization device aerosolizes a high viscosity, wet tobacco product at a very low temperature and reduces harmful and potentially harmful carcinogen (HPHC) emissions by six times or more relative to conventional heat-not-burn products while also providing substantially improved taste and user experience. Embodiments exemplified herein provide a compelling and healthier substitute for cigarette smoking that avoids the HPHC emissions of conventional heat-not-burn products while also avoiding the increased risk of addiction and short-term health effects reported in connection with conventional vaping devices.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, a heat-not-burn tobacco aerosolization device aerosolizes a high viscosity, wet tobacco product at a very low temperature and reduces harmful and potentially harmful carcinogen (HPHC) emissions by six times or more relative to conventional heat-not-burn products while also providing substantially improved taste and user experience. Embodiments exemplified herein provide a compelling and healthier substitute for cigarette smoking that avoids the HPHC emissions of conventional heat-not-burn products while also avoiding the increased risk of addiction and short-term health effects reported in connection with conventional vaping devices.

Abstract: In an aspect a vehicle is provided, and includes a frame a front wheel and a rear assembly. The front wheel is rotatably mounted to the frame. The rear assembly includes a first rear wheel support and a second rear wheel support. Each of the wheel supports is movably mounted to the frame. The rear assembly further includes a first rear wheel and a second rear wheel. The first and second rear wheels are rotatably mounted to the first rear wheel supports respectively. The rear assembly is positionable in a first position in which the first and second rear wheels are substantially immediately adjacent one another to operate as a single rear wheel, and a second position in which the first and second rear wheels are spaced apart from one another.

Abstract: A method of decreasing the production of a pro-inflammatory cytokine in an activated cell of myeloid lineage in a subject in need thereof is provided. The method includes increasing at least one of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 (SLAMF7) expression, SLAMF7 activity, and SLAMF7 signaling in the activated cell of myeloid lineage.

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by chronic airflow limitation, is a serious and growing public health concern. The major environmental risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoking, but the biological mechanisms underlying COPD are not well understood. Herein, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy is used in methods to identify metabolites and biomarkers associated with lung function in COPD.

Abstract: In an aspect a vehicle is provided, and includes a frame a front wheel and a rear assembly. The front wheel is rotatably mounted to the frame. The rear assembly includes a first rear wheel support and a second rear wheel support. Each of the wheel supports is movably mounted to the frame. The rear assembly further includes a first rear wheel and a second rear wheel. The first and second rear wheels are rotatably mounted to the first rear wheel supports respectively. The rear assembly is positionable in a first position in which the first and second rear wheels are substantially immediately adjacent one another to operate as a single rear wheel, and a second position in which the first and second rear wheels are spaced apart from one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a molecular exchange device. In particular, the molecular exchange device comprises at least one fluid passageway and an actuator, the actuator positioned to provide a secondary fluid pathway within at least one of the fluid passageways.

Abstract: A vehicle (1) is provided and includes a frame (10), a seat (20), front and rear wheel sets (1012, 1014) provided at front and rear ends of the frame, and a handlebar (30). A wheel set is an adjustable wheel set that includes a wheel support (1016), a first wheel (52b) and a second wheel (52c) rotatably supported on the wheel support. The wheel support includes a first connector (60) pivotably mounted to the frame for pivoting movement about a connector axis that lies in a generally vertical-longitudinal plane. The wheel support is pivotable between a first position in which the wheel support holds the first and second wheels canted such that their upper ends are closer together than their lower ends, and a second position in which their upper ends of the first and second wheels are farther from one another than their lower ends.

Abstract: A swing scooter includes a frame, a riser bar, a handlebar, a front wheel, at least two carrier rods, a flexible linking mechanism, at least two rear wheels, at least two pedals, at least two auxiliary wheels and at least two swinging modules. The auxiliary wheels are installed at the rear of the rear wheels. When the front wheel and the rear wheels touch the ground, the auxiliary wheels are situated at an appropriate height from the ground, and the swinging module is coupled between the carrier rods and the rear wheels. During use, the front and rear wheels situated at the general using status touch the ground, or the front of the scooter is tilted, such that the rear wheels and the auxiliary wheels touch the ground to add more fun to the use of the scooter.

Abstract: A recreational vehicle includes two parallel wheels installed at a front wheel set or a rear wheel set, and the axes of the two wheels are not configured to be aligned on the same horizontal line, and the two wheels are installed at a frame through an adjusting module movable with respect to the frame, and a fixing module is installed between the frame and adjusting module for controlling whether to move the adjusting module with respect to the frame. The recreational vehicle is capable of adjusting the width of the rear wheel that touches the ground to enhance the variability, adaptability and practicality of the vehicle.

Abstract: A recreational vehicle includes two parallel wheels installed at a front wheel set or a rear wheel set, and the axes of the two wheels are not configured to be aligned on the same horizontal line, and the two wheels are installed at a frame through an adjusting module movable with respect to the frame, and a fixing module is installed between the frame and adjusting module for controlling whether to move the adjusting module with respect to the frame. The recreational vehicle is capable of adjusting the width of the rear wheel that touches the ground to enhance the variability, adaptability and practicality of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method and a system for preparing a tobacco extract for use in an electronic smoking device are provided. A tobacco extract and an electronic smoking device are also provided. The method includes grinding tobacco into granulated particles, and heating purified water. The method further includes injecting the heated purified water through the granulated particles of the tobacco for a predetermined period of time to produce an aqueous solution, and adding purified water to the aqueous solution. Further, the method includes heating the aqueous solution, and injecting the heated aqueous solution through ground tobacco for the predetermined period of time to produce a tobacco extract for use in the electronic smoking device.

Abstract: A children's balancing vehicle comprising a front vehicle rack, a handle set, a rear fork, a seat tube and a fastening component. The front vehicle rack has a front fork. A front wheel is assembled below the front fork while a stand pipe is disposed thereon. A vehicle rack body is disposed at a rear of the stand pipe. The handle set is disposed onto the stand pipe. The rear fork has a plastic main body. A rear wheel is disposed below the rear fork. The seat tube passes between the vehicle rack body and the plastic main body of the rear fork. A seat cushion is disposed onto the seat tube. The fastening component passes through the vehicle rack body, the plastic main body of the rear fork and the seat tube so as to mutually assemble and fasten them. Assembly of the children's balancing vehicle can be completed by using simple fastening components.

Abstract: A foot-deck-based vehicle comprises a foot-deck with an aperture therethrough between a foot support surface and an underside of the foot-deck, and a plurality of wheels. At least one of the plurality of wheels is a brakable wheel positioned entirely beneath the foot-deck. A foot-actuatable member extends through the aperture and, in use, up from the support surface. A braking member is movable between a non-braking position away from the at least one brakable wheel and a braking position in which the braking member engages the at least one brakable wheel to generate a resisting force to reduce the speed of the foot-deck-based vehicle. The foot-actuatable member is operatively connected to the braking member and is depressible towards the foot support surface to move the braking member to the braking position. A biasing member is positioned to urge the braking member towards the non-braking position.