Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the purification of raw syngas comprising the steps of (a) contacting the raw syngas with water to remove soot, resulting in a soot-rich waste water and a soot-lean syngas; (b) cooling the soot-lean syngas resulting from step (a) to a temperature in the range of from (20) to (50)° C.; and (c) contacting the cooled soot-lean syngas resulting from step (b) with water to remove HCN and NH3 resulting in clean syngas and HCN/NH3-rich waste water, wherein: (i) in step (a) the raw syngas is cooled below its dew point by its contact with water; (ii) the HCN/NH3-rich waste water resulting from step (c) is passed through at least one stripping column resulting in a clean water stream and a waste stream; and (iii) at least 50% (v/v) part of the clean water stream is recycled to step (c).

Abstract: A gasification reactor comprises a pressure shell; a reaction zone partly bounded by a tubular membrane wall enclosed by the pressure shell; at least one burner having a burner head, said burner head protruding the membrane wall; at least one cooling device arranged in the membrane wall and enclosing the burner head of at least one burner, the at least one cooling device comprising several concentric rings of increasing diameter, forming a truncated cone shape having a largest diameter opening facing the reaction zone and a smallest diameter opening facing the burner head, each ring being a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium, the smallest diameter opening for the burner head being located between the pressure shell and the membrane wall; the cooling device comprising at least one part-circular outer ring having an interruption.

Abstract: A gasification reactor comprises a pressure shell; a reaction zone partly bounded by a tubular membrane wall enclosed by the pressure shell; at least one burner having a burner head, said burner head protruding the membrane wall; at least one cooling device arranged in the membrane wall and enclosing the burner head of at least one burner, the at least one cooling device comprising several concentric rings of increasing diameter, forming a truncated cone shape having a largest diameter opening facing the reaction zone and a smallest diameter opening facing the burner head, each ring being a conduit having an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium, the smallest diameter opening for the burner head being located between the pressure shell and the membrane wall; the cooling device comprising at least one part-circular outer ring having an interruption.

Abstract: A gasification reactor with a heat exchange unit having a gas flow channel and one or more heat exchangers arranged within the gas flow channel, the heat exchangers having one or more heat exchange surfaces and one or more associated structures, such as a support structure or deflector plates. The associated structures are provided with fouling protection devices, such as blasters or flow guiding surfaces.

Abstract: A gasification reactor (1) and a process for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor comprises a gasifier unit with a discharge channel (4) for discharging a stream of slag-loaded hot syngas and a quencher (5) for supplying a flow of quench gas into the discharge channel (4). At least one blaster (10) is arranged comprising at least one blast nozzle (12), such as a blast lance, in line with the flow direction of the quench gas. The blaster (10) can be connected to a source of pressurized gas, such as syngas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam or the like. The blaster can be actuated periodically to blast away slag deposits.

Abstract: The invention comprises a gasification reactor which comprises a vessel having at its upper end a downwardly directed burner and a combustion chamber located in the upper half of the vessel. The wall of the combustion chamber comprises an arrangement of interconnected parallel arranged tubes running from a common lower arranged distributor to a higher arranged common header. The distributor is connected to a cooling water supply conduit and the header is connected to a steam discharge conduit. Both the steam discharge conduit and the water supply conduit are fluidly connected to a steam drum. The steam drum is provided with a supply conduit for fresh water and the steam drum is positioned at a higher elevation than the common header.

Abstract: A method and system for producing synthesis gas comprising CO, CO2, and H2 from a carbonaceous stream using an oxygen containing stream. A stream containing a carbonaceous material, and a stream containing oxygen are injected into a gasification reactor, where the carbonaceous stream is partially oxidised to obtain a raw synthesis gas. The raw synthesis gas is removed from the gasification reactor and directed into a quenching section wherein a liquid, preferably water, is injected in the form of a mist.

Abstract: A method and a rapper device for cleaning a heat exchange surface in a pressure vessel. The rapper device comprises a striker rod which has one end contacting the heat exchange surface in the pressure vessel and one end projecting out of the pressure vessel via a passage opening. The rapper device also comprises an impacting device for impacting the projecting end of the striker rod. A section of the striker rod is slideably supported in a pressure chamber adjacent the passage opening. The pressure chamber is connected to a sealing gas supply maintaining the pressure in the pressure chamber at a higher level than the pressure in the pressure vessel. A bellows defines a pressure chamber around at least a section of the striker rod.

Abstract: A method and system for producing synthesis gas comprising CO, CO2, and H2 from a carbonaceous stream using an oxygen containing stream. A stream containing a carbonaceous material, and a stream containing oxygen are injected into a gasification reactor, where the carbonaceous stream is partially oxidized to obtain a raw synthesis gas. The raw synthesis gas is removed from the gasification reactor and directed into a quenching section wherein a liquid, preferably water, is injected in the form of a mist.

Abstract: A rapper device for cleaning a heat exchange surface in a pressure vessel by transmitting impact energy. The rapper device includes a striker and an impacting device for impacting the striker which has one end contacting the heat exchange surface in the pressure vessel. The striker includes a piston section having a piston rod projecting out of the pressure vessel via a passage opening in line with the impacting device. A piston head is slideable within a piston chamber in line with the passage opening. The piston chamber is operatively connected to a sealing gas supply. The piston head is a separate part with an aperture. The piston rod runs through the aperture, e.g., in a slideable arrangement.

Abstract: A gasification reactor comprising a pressure shell, a reaction zone partly bounded by a vertically oriented tubular membrane wall, a horizontally directed burner having a burner head at which, in use, a combustion flame is discharged into said reaction zone, said burner protruding into the vertical wall part of the membrane wall via a burner muffle, said burner muffle comprising several vertically oriented, concentric and interconnected rings, wherein each successive ring has an increasing diameter relative to the preceding ring resulting in that the burner muffle has a muffle opening for the burner head at one end and a larger opening at its other—flame discharge—end, the rings comprising a conduit having an inlet end for a cooling medium and an outlet for used cooling medium and wherein the muffle opening for the burner head is located between the pressure shell and the membrane wall and wherein the burner muffle protrudes into the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and a rapper device for cleaning a heat exchange surface in a pressure vessel. The rapper device includes a striker rod which has one end contacting the heat exchange surface in the pressure vessel and one end projecting out of the pressure vessel via a passage opening. The rapper device also includes an impacting device for impacting the projecting end of the striker rod. A section of the striker rod is slideably supported in a pressure chamber adjacent the passage opening. The pressure chamber is connected to a sealing gas supply maintaining the pressure in the pressure chamber at a higher level than the pressure in the pressure vessel. A bellows defines a pressure chamber around at least a section of the striker rod.

Abstract: A gasification process and reactor for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The gasification reactor comprises a pressure vessel encasing a gasifier unit with a reactor chamber having its lower end opening into an open-ended skirt portion arranged above a slag collection bath. The skirt portion is arranged within the impacting scope of one or more rappers.

Abstract: A gasification reactor with a heat exchange unit having a gas flow channel and one or more heat exchangers arranged within the gas flow channel, the heat exchangers having one or more heat exchange surfaces and one or more associated structures, such as a support structure or deflector plates. The associated structures are provided with fouling protection devices, such as blasters or flow guiding surfaces.

Abstract: Tubular wall assembly (8) comprising a plurality of tubular conduits (10) in parallel arrangement interconnected to form a gastight structure, each tubular conduit (10) being connected on one end to a common distributor (12) and on another end to a common header (11), wherein through each conduit a flow path extends between the distributor and the header, wherein each flow path crosses a passage opening in a seat (21, 28, 43) for an insertable flow restrictor (22, 44), wherein for each conduit the wall assembly comprises an opening (17, 51) bordered by a collar (15, 42) with an open end in line with the seat, wherein the open end of the collar is closed by a cap (26, 35, 49).

Abstract: A spray nozzle manifold comprising a first co-axial passage for supply of an atomization gas, a second co-axial passage present in said first passage for supply of a liquid, more than one laterally spaced nozzle for atomization and spraying liquid in a direction away from the longitudinal axis of the manifold attached to the first passage, said nozzles having an inlet for liquid fluidly connected to said second passage, an inlet for atomization gas fluidly connected to the first passage, a mixing chamber wherein atomization gas and liquid mix and an outlet for a mixture of atomization gas and liquid, wherein the nozzle has an opening for discharge of atomization gas which opening is in fluid communication with the first passage at a position upstream of the mixing chamber and wherein a shield is fixed to the first passage surrounding the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of operating a heat exchange device downstream of a gasification reactor for the partial combustion of a carbonaceous feed for the production of synthetic gas. The produced synthetic gas flows through the heat exchange device with a flow velocity which is adjusted as a function of the composition and/or particle size of fouling components carried by the synthetic gas, in particular fly ash. A heat exchange device comprising a channel surrounding one or more heat exchange surfaces and having an adjustable flow-through capacity. The heat exchange surfaces can, e.g., be cylindrical and be coaxially nested, the inner heat exchange surface defining an inner channel with one or more closing members, which are moveable between a closing position and an opening position.

Abstract: A gasification reactor (1) and a process for the production of syngas by gasification of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor comprises a gasifier unit with a discharge channel (4) for discharging a stream of slag-loaded hot syngas and a quencher (5) for supplying a flow of quench gas into the discharge channel (4). At least one blaster (10) is arranged comprising at least one blast nozzle (12), such as a blast lance, in line with the flow direction of the quench gas. The blaster (10) can be connected to a source of pressurized gas, such as syngas, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam or the like. The blaster can be actuated periodically to blast away slag deposits.

Abstract: A heat exchange device comprising at least one heat exchange surface (2), wherein the heat exchange surface comprises one or more parallel tubular lines (3), a rapper device and an impact area for the rapper device. The impact area comprises an impact block (6) with one or more inner channels (7) through which coolant flows bridging opposite open ends (5) of an interrupted tubular line of the heat exchange surface. The impact block (6) enforces the impact area of the heat exchange surface and translates impact energy caused by a rapper device very effectively into mechanical waves through the heating surface, resulting in an improved cleaning effect.

Abstract: A gasification reactor vessel comprising a combustion chamber in the upper half of the vessel, provided with a product gas outlet at the bottom end of the combustion chamber, at least two burner openings are present in the wall of the combustion chamber, which burner openings are located at the same horizontal level and are positioned diametrical relative to each other and wherein in each burner opening a burner is present, wherein between the wall of the combustion chamber and the wall of vessel an annular space is provided, wherein the wall of the combustion chamber comprises an arrangement of interconnected tubes (vertical arranged or helical coiled), wherein the product gas outlet at the bottom end of the combustion chamber is fluidly connected to a dip-tube, which partly is submerged in a water bath located at the lower end of the reactor vessel, and wherein at the upper end of the dip-tube means are present to add a quenching medium to the, in use, downwardly flowing mixture of hydrogen and carbon monox