Abstract: Portion- or tile-based video streaming concepts are described.

Abstract: A calibration method includes (a) connecting a impedance measuring device to an impedance standard which has at least two excitation terminals for feeding an excitation signal and two measuring terminals for determining a measurement signal, and which has a fixed or adjustable impedance which corresponds to the impedance target; (b) applying a voltage signal to the excitation terminals and measuring the current flowing through the impedance standard due to the voltage signal at the measuring terminals; or supplying a current signal to the excitation terminals and measuring the dropping voltage at the measuring terminals; and (c) calibrating the impedance measuring device against the impedance standard to the impedance target. The geometrical arrangement of terminals of the impedance standard corresponds to the geometrical arrangement of the terminals of the cell of which the impedance is to be measured.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating plastic preforms, having a transport device which transports the plastic preforms along a predetermined transport path, the transport device having a circulating transport and a plurality of holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, having a plurality of heating devices which are arranged stationarily along the transport path, in such a way that the plastic preforms transported along the transport path are heated by these heating devices, the heating devices each having a plurality of heating lamps, and the apparatus having a detection device which is configured to detect a failure of the heating lamps, wherein the apparatus has a control device which is configured to control the apparatus in dependence on a number of heating lamps detected having failed.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing plastic containers has a heating device having a transport device for transporting the plastic preforms singly along a predefined transport path. The transport device has a plurality of holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, and at least one heating unit for heating the plastic preforms, wherein furthermore a rotating device is provided which rotates the plastic preforms held by the holding devices and is connected to a forming device, which transforms the plastic preforms transported by the heating device into plastic containers. The apparatus has an alignment device which enables alignment of the rotational position of the plastic preforms with respect to their longitudinal direction relative to the holding devices holding these plastic preforms and/or the apparatus has a rotational position alignment device arranged along the transport path which enables alignment of a rotational position of the holding devices with the plastic preforms arranged thereon.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating article is provided, including: an aerosol-forming substrate; an odor inhibition substrate including at least 10 different odor components; and a wrapper circumscribing at least a portion of the aerosol-forming substrate, the odor inhibition substrate being provided on the wrapper. An aerosol-generating system including an aerosol-generating device including a heater, and the aerosol-generating article, is also provided.

Abstract: In a method of operating a tamping unit of a track maintenance machine, the track maintenance machine having the tamping unit is first provided on a track bed. The tamping unit is displaced relative to the track bed. A driving force, acting on the tamping unit and required for the displacement, and acceleration acting on the tamping unit are determined. A ballast force acting between the tamping unit and the track bed is determined by way of the driving force and the acceleration, and is evaluated.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device is provided for an aerosol-generating article including an aerosol-forming substrate, the aerosol-generating device including: a heater configured to heat an aerosol-forming substrate; an odour inhibition assembly including at least one chamber configured to receive at least one odour inhibition substrate; and a recess configured to receive the aerosol-generating article, the at least one chamber being isolated from the recess such that air is unable to pass from the chamber to the recess through the aerosol-generating device. An aerosol-generating system including the aerosol-generating device and at least one odour inhibition substrate in the at least one chamber is also provided.

Abstract: A tamping machine has a tamping unit for simultaneously tamping sleepers of a track that are positioned directly behind one another. Tamping unit segments are arranged one behind the other. Each tamping unit segment has a height-adjustable tamping tool carrier on which opposing tamping tools are mounted that are coupled to a vibration drive via squeezing cylinders. The respective vibration drive has an eccentric shaft with first and second eccentric discs, the axes of symmetry of which, together with a common axis of rotation, span two eccentric planes that enclose a relative angle to one another. A first squeezing cylinder is mounted on the first eccentric disc. An opposing second squeezing cylinder is mounted on the second eccentric disc. Cylinder axes of the opposing squeezing cylinders enclose a position angle which is approximated to the relative angle of the eccentric planes.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing plastic containers has a heating device having a transport device for transporting the plastic preforms singly along a predefined transport path. The transport device has a plurality of holding devices for holding the plastic preforms, and at least one heating unit for heating the plastic preforms, wherein furthermore a rotating device is provided which rotates the plastic preforms held by the holding devices and is connected to a forming device, which transforms the plastic preforms transported by the heating device into plastic containers. The apparatus has an alignment device which enables alignment of the rotational position of the plastic preforms with respect to their longitudinal direction relative to the holding devices holding these plastic preforms and/or the apparatus has a rotational position alignment device arranged along the transport path which enables alignment of a rotational position of the holding devices with the plastic preforms arranged thereon.

Abstract: A system for working on a track with a track maintenance machine has a machine controller and a work unit controlled thereby, with sensors being arranged to monitor the work unit. In this context, the sensors are coupled to a data acquisition module for the separate recording of sensor data, with the data acquisition module being connected to a computing unit in which a first algorithm for calculating result data from the sensor data is set up. In this way, the system contains additional structural components for processing sensor signals. With the data acquisition module and the computing unit, different evaluations of the working mode can be performed independently of an existing monitoring function.

Abstract: A rail-guided permanent way machine is operated by means of a control device in such a way that at least one state variable (Z) of the permanent way machine is determined in dependence on an operating state, and the at least one state variable is compared to at least one pre-defined limit value (GW, GS) for monitoring a derailment safety of the permanent way machine. Thus, the derailment safety of the permanent way machine is determined in accordance with the current operating state and monitored. As a result, the permanent way machine has an expanded operating range and increased performance and thus increased efficiency.

Abstract: A method performs compaction of a track ballast bed by use of a tamping unit having two oppositely positioned tamping tools which, actuated with a vibration, are lowered into the track ballast bed during a tamping operation and moved towards one another with a squeezing motion. In this, it is provided that at least one variable vibration parameter is specified in dependence on a duration of penetration into the track ballast bed, until a required penetration depth of the tamping tools has been reached.

Abstract: An aerosol-generating device has a body configured to receive an aerosol-generating substrate; a heating element configured to heat the aerosol-generating substrate; a power source operatively connected to the heating element; a controller configured to control the power source and the heating element; and a switch comprising a sensor to detect presence of an actuator. The switch is operatively connected to the controller. A method for using the aerosol-generating device includes placing the actuator adjacent the sensor and detecting the presence of the actuator; and controlling power supply to the heating element.

Abstract: ABSTRACT The invention provides a method for leakage detection in a device for shaping container preforms, comprising a compressed air system which is connected to a compressed air source and comprises at least two fluidically connected regions that can be separated from each other and/or from the environment by shut-off elements. The method comprises a leakage test run conducted in an automated manner in which at least one of the blocking elements and/or the compressed air supply into the compressed air system is controlled in such a way that it can be determined separately for each region whether compressed air escapes therefrom.

Abstract: A forming unit (20) for forming plastic preforms into plastic bottles, wherein the forming unit comprises a blow mould (20) having a first lateral portion (4), a second lateral portion (6) and a bottom portion (2), wherein said lateral portions as well as the bottom portion (2) form a cavity (15), within which the plastic preforms (10) can be formed into the plastic bottles, wherein the bottom portion (2) can be moved relative to the lateral portions (4) in a closed condition of the blow mould, wherein the forming unit (20) comprises a drive unit in order to move the bottom portion (2) relative to the lateral portions (4, 6), wherein the drive unit preferably has a movable piston element (32) which ist movable along a predefined stroke path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a track maintenance machine having a tamping unit for tamping sleepers of a track lying in a ballast bed, including a tool carrier which is mounted for vertical adjustment on an assembly frame and on which tamping tools are arranged so as to be squeezable towards one another, wherein the tool carrier is coupled to a vertical adjustment drive actuated by means of a control device. In this, a control circuit is set up for controlling a lowering motion of the tool carrier, the control circuit including a controller, a setting device for the vertical adjustment drive and a measuring device for recording the lowering motion. With this, it is possible to provide an optimal course for the lowering motion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tamping assembly for tamping sleepers of a track, including a tamping unit having oppositely positioned tamping tools mounted on a vertically adjustable tool carrier, the tamping tools being coupled in each case via a squeezing drive to a vibration drive, wherein each tamping tool comprises a pivot lever rotatable about a pivot axis and at least one tamping tool mount for accommodating at least one tamping tine. In this, a first squeezing drive is coupled directly to the vibration drive and articulatedly connected to a first pivot lever, and a second squeezing drive is coupled to the vibration drive via a separate coupling unit and articulatedly connected to a link, mounted on the tool carrier, as well as to a second pivot lever. In this manner, the tamping unit can be configured in a very compact way with squeezing drives being arranged one below the other, wherein forces and momentums occurring during operation can be easily controlled.

Abstract: A method for compacting a ballast bed, on which railroad ties and track rails secured thereto are supported, uses a work assembly which is arranged on a track construction machine that can be moved on the track. During a compaction process, a signal is detected and a characteristic variable is derived therefrom by an analysis device in order to evaluate the quality of the ballast bed. The work assembly contains an electric drive, by which the compaction process is at least partly carried out. At least one operating variable of the electric drive is supplied to the analysis device, and a ballast bed characteristic variable is derived from the operating variable by the analysis device.

Abstract: For tamping a track, tamping tines are squeezed towards one another in pairs by a squeezing cylinder. A vibration is superimposed on a linear lift motion of a squeezing piston movable in the squeezing cylinder. The vibration is generated by a vibration piston which is arranged in the squeezing cylinder and which is movable independently of the squeezing piston.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tamping unit (1) for tamping sleepers (3) of a track (4), comprising oppositely positioned tamping tools (14, 17) which are connected in each case to a squeezing cylinder (9, 15) for generating a squeezing motion, wherein an eccentric drive (11) is provided for generating a vibratory motion. In this, it is provided that a first squeezing cylinder (9) is connected mechanically to the eccentric drive (11), and that a first pressure chamber (18) of the first squeezing cylinder (9) is connected hydraulically via a connecting line (22, 27) to a second pressure chamber (20) of a second squeezing cylinder (15) in order to transmit a pressure change, generated in the first pressure chamber (18) by means of the eccentric drive (11), to the second pressure chamber (20).