Abstract: A method of depositing a layer onto a substrate, comprising heating an evaporator to a temperature capable of completely evaporating the evaporant to be deposited, dispensing into the evaporator one or more quantized units of the evaporant where the evaporant is completely vaporized, providing an area vapor dispenser having a plurality of apertures, and directing the vaporized evaporant from the evaporator to the area vapor dispenser so that the evaporant is dispensed through the apertures to deposit the layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of depositing a layer onto a substrate, comprising heating an evaporator to a temperature capable of completely evaporating the evaporant to be deposited, dispensing into the evaporator one or more quantized units of the evaporant where the evaporant is completely vaporized, providing an area vapor dispenser having a plurality of apertures, and directing the vaporized evaporant from the evaporator to the area vapor dispenser so that the evaporant is dispensed through the apertures to deposit the layer on the substrate.

Abstract: An OLED device including a transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a transparent electrode layer disposed over the first surface of the substrate, a short reduction layer disposed over the transparent electrode layer, an organic light-emitting element disposed over the short reduction layer and including at least one light-emitting layer and a charge injection layer disposed over the light emitting layer, a reflective electrode layer disposed over the charge injection layer and a light extraction enhancement structure disposed over the first or second surface of the substrate; wherein the short reduction layer is a transparent film having a through-thickness resistivity of 10?9 to 102 ohm-cm2; wherein the reflective electrode layer includes Ag or Ag alloy containing more than 80% of Ag; and the total device size is larger than 10 times the substrate thickness.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device including a transparent substrate, a securing layer, a light scattering layer, an electroluminescent unit including a transparent electrode layer, a light emitting element including at least one light emitting layer, and a reflecting electrode layer in that order, wherein the light scattering layer includes one monolayer of inorganic particles having an index of refraction larger than that of the light emitting layer and wherein the securing layer holds the inorganic particles in the light scattering layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device including a transparent substrate, a securing layer, a light scattering layer, an electroluminescent unit including a transparent electrode layer, a light emitting element including at least one light emitting layer, and a reflecting electrode layer in that order, wherein the light scattering layer includes one monolayer of inorganic particles having an index of refraction larger than that of the light emitting layer and wherein the securing layer holds the inorganic particles in the light scattering layer.

Abstract: In an OLED device having a substrate, a first electrode layer disposed over the substrate, an inorganic short reduction layer disposed over the first electrode layer, an organic electroluminescent medium disposed over the short reduction layer, and a second electrode layer over the electroluminescent medium, a feature is the inclusion of a mixture of ZnS, SiO2, and ITO in the short reduction layer wherein the ratio of In atoms to Zn atoms is in the range of from 0.90 to 2.37.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device includes a substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode positioned relative to the substrate in which at least one of the electrodes is the transparent electrode; an organic light-emitting element including at least a light-emitting layer disposed between the two electrodes; and a performance enhancement layer disposed between the two electrodes; wherein the performance enhancement layer is high index and has a thickness of at least 20 nm.

Abstract: An OLED device including a transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a transparent electrode layer disposed over the first surface of the substrate, a short reduction layer disposed over the transparent electrode layer, an organic light-emitting element disposed over the short reduction layer and including at least one light-emitting layer and a charge injection layer disposed over the light emitting layer, a reflective electrode layer disposed over the charge injection layer and a light extraction enhancement structure disposed over the first or second surface of the substrate; wherein the short reduction layer is a transparent film having a through-thickness resistivity of 10?9 to 102 ohm-cm2; wherein the reflective electrode layer includes Ag or Ag alloy containing more than 80% of Ag; and the total device size is larger than 10 times the substrate thickness.

Abstract: In an OLED device having a substrate, a first electrode layer disposed over the substrate, an inorganic short reduction layer disposed over the first electrode layer, an organic electroluminescent medium disposed over the short reduction layer, and a second electrode layer over the electroluminescent medium, a feature is the inclusion of a mixture of ZnS, SiO2, and ITO in the short reduction layer wherein the ratio of In atoms to Zn atoms is in the range of from 0.90 to 2.37.

Abstract: A white light emitting OLED apparatus includes a microcavity OLED device and a light-integrating element, wherein the microcavity OLED device has a white light emitting organic EL element and the microcavity OLED device is configured to have angular-dependent narrow-band emission, and the light-integrating element integrates the angular-dependent narrow-band emission from different angles from the microcavity OLED device to form white light emission.

Abstract: Various OLED display and device structures are disclosed which reduce shorting.

Abstract: A method for transferring organic material from a flexible donor element onto a substrate to form a layer of organic material in making one or more OLED devices, includes providing the flexible donor element and the substrate in a spaced relationship within a chamber under atmospheric pressure defined by a transfer station so that the flexible donor element partitions the chamber into first and second cavities; varying the pressure differential between the first and second cavities to cause the flexible donor element to move into a contact relationship with the substrate; providing a transparent window which defines the top surface of the second cavity; and providing radiation energy through the transparent window onto the flexible donor element in contact with the substrate to cause the flexible donor element to absorb heat and transfer organic material onto the substrate.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaXbSncZndSieOfSh wherein X is an element selected from In, Ge, Al, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ga, Ti, Si, Te, Nb, Fe, Co, W, Mo, S, Ni, O, Se, Tl, As, P, Au, Pd, Pt, Hf,or V and a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a +b+c+d+e+f+h=100.

Abstract: A method for transferring organic material from a flexible donor element onto a substrate to form a layer of organic material in making one or more OLED devices, includes providing the flexible donor element and the substrate in a spaced relationship within a chamber under atmospheric pressure defined by a transfer station so that the flexible donor element partitions the chamber into first and second cavities; varying the pressure differential between the first and second cavities to cause the flexible donor element to move into a contact relationship with the substrate; providing a transparent window which defines the top surface of the second cavity; and providing radiation energy through the transparent window onto the flexible donor element in contact with the substrate to cause the flexible donor element to absorb heat and transfer organic material onto the substrate.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaXbSncZndSieOfSh wherein X is an element selected from In, Ge, Al, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ga, Ti, Si, Te, Nb, Fe, Co, W, Mo, S, Ni, O, Se, Tl, As, P, Au, Pd, Pt, Hf, or V and a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a+b+c+d+e+f+h=100.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element comprising a substrate and a phase-change recording layer wherein the phase-change recording layer has a composition expressed by SbaInbSncZndSieOfSh wherein a>0, b>0, c>0, d>0, e>0, f>0, h>0, and a+b+c+d+e+f+h=100

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element includes a substrate; an amorphous phase-change recording layer disposed over the substrate; a dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the amorphous phase-change layer; a reflector layer disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer; and wherein the material and the thickness of the layers are selected such that recording can be performed on the optical recording element by using a focused laser beam to form crystalline marks in the phase-change layer using laser pulses with less than 40 nS in duration, the reflectivity of the amorphous phase as measured by a collimated beam is higher than 28% and the contrast of the read-back signal is higher than 0.6, and the second and subsequent writing over previous recording results in at least a 50% increase in read out jitter.

Abstract: A WORM optical recording element includes a substrate; an amorphous phase-change recording layer disposed over the substrate; a dielectric layer disposed adjacent to the amorphous phase-change layer; a reflector layer disposed adjacent to the dielectric layer; and wherein the material and the thickness of the layers are selected such that recording can be performed on the optical recording element by using a focused laser beam to form crystalline marks in the phase-change layer using laser pulses with less than 40 nS in duration, the reflectivity of the amorphous phase as measured by a collimated beam is higher than 28% and the contrast of the read-back signal is higher than 0.6, and the second and subsequent writing over previous recording results in at least a 50% increase in read out jitter.

Abstract: A rewriteable phase-change optical recording element includes a substrate; and a recording layer over the substrate having at least two sub-layers of different chemical compositions, the compositions and thickness of the sub-layers being selected so that when subject to laser light during a writing process the compositions mixed together to form a high reflectivity mixed crystalline region without using any prior initialization or mixing processes.

Abstract: A recording medium includes a transparent substrate; a crystalline phase-change layer provided over the transparent substrate; a dielectric layer provided over the phase-change layer; a metallic reflector layer provided over the dielectric layer; and the crystalline phase-change layer having a thickness and phase-change material selected so that data can be recorded in it on a first write, but on second or subsequent writes the written data results in at least a 50% increase in data jitter.