Abstract: A ladder having a foot having a plastic body with a recess which receives the end of a first rail and is positioned about and conforms to the web and the first and second flanges of the first rail. The foot has a plastic base having a top side from which the body extends. The base has a front edge. The foot has a metal rail fastener which extends through the body and the rail to attach the body and the rail together. The foot has a pad having a rigid plate with a rubber outer layer surrounding the rigid plate and a pad fastener hole that extends entirely through the rigid plate and rubber outer layer, the outer layer of the pad having a bottom with treads. The foot has a metal pad fastener that extends entirely through the pad and entirely through the base to attach the pad to the base so the rigid plate is between the treads and the base of the shell. A ladder foot. A method.

Abstract: A ladder having a foot having a plastic body with a recess which receives the end of a first rail and is positioned about and conforms to the web and the first and second flanges of the first rail. The foot has a plastic base having a top side from which the body extends. The base has a front edge. The foot has a metal rail fastener which extends through the body and the rail to attach the body and the rail together. The foot has a pad having a rigid plate with a rubber outer layer surrounding the rigid plate and a pad fastener hole that extends entirely through the rigid plate and rubber outer layer, the outer layer of the pad having a bottom with treads. The foot has a metal pad fastener that extends entirely through the pad and entirely through the base to attach the pad to the base so the rigid plate is between the treads and the base of the shell. A ladder foot. A method.

Abstract: Machines, systems and methods for data transmission in a data communications network are provided. The method comprises receiving a data packet for transmission, the data packet having a first header portion and a second header portion, wherein the first header portion comprises an identifier indicating that any information in the first header portion is not to be used; and determining destination information comprising at least a physical address of a destination in the data communications network to which the data packet is to be transmitted based on information included in the second header portion.

Abstract: Machines, systems and methods for data transmission in a data communications network are provided. The method comprises receiving a data packet for transmission, the data packet having a first header portion and a second header portion, wherein the first header portion comprises an identifier indicating that any information in the first header portion is not to be used; and determining destination information comprising at least a physical address of a destination in the data communications network to which the data packet is to be transmitted based on information included in the second header portion.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for coupling communications signals to an underground medium-voltage power line includes a medium-voltage power line, a ground conductor, one or more ferrites, and a low-voltage communications line. The medium-voltage power line includes a center phase conductor and a concentric neutral conductor. The ground conductor couples the concentric neutral conductor to a ground connection. The one or more ferrites substantially surround at least a portion of the ground conductor. The low-voltage communications line includes a first conductor and a second conductor. The first conductor is coupled to the ground conductor between the one or more ferrites and the concentric neutral conductor. And the second conductor is coupled to the ground conductor between the one or more ferrites and the ground connection.

Abstract: Method for producing CATS include files for photomask production. A table of algorithms identifies each level of the design to be used in a given photomask layer. A key word table is created to identify special functions that must be performed on the data to define changes to be made to polygons in the pattern data of the mask. Compensations for dimensions of the polygons are applied to one or more data levels of the design data based on the specific process and vendor tools to be used to make the photomask. Optimal mathematical steps are derived from the algorithms and include any respective dimensional compensations which are needed to create the polygons of the mask. Each of the mathematical steps are broken into one or more substeps which are executed to create the pattern data. The executable substeps enhance parallel computation for creating the pattern data.