Abstract: A water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system includes a first quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling adapted to be fluidly coupled to a pre-treated water to be flowed over a first quartz crystal. A second quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling are adapted to be fluidly coupled to a post-treated water to be flowed over a second quartz crystal. A computer processor receives a first frequency data from the first quartz crystal and a second frequency data from the second quartz crystal and based on a difference of frequency over time between the first frequency data and the second frequency data, provides an indication of an effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment component or system. A method to evaluate and effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system is also described.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer includes an electronics compartment having disposed within, at least one light source, and at least one optical detector. A testing compartment has disposed within, an optical block having at least one fluid connection port, and a first light pipe optically coupled between the at least one light source and the optical block. A second light pipe is optically coupled between the optical block and the at least one optical detector. The testing compartment is adapted to perform spectrophotometry of a fluid sample disposed within a sample container in the optical block, and the electronics compartment is electrically isolated from the testing compartment. A spectrophotometer for use in an explosive atmosphere and a method of measuring a presence or concentration of an organic or inorganic compound in a fluid in an explosive atmosphere are also described.

Abstract: A spectrophotometer includes an electronics compartment having disposed within, at least one light source, and at least one optical detector. A testing compartment has disposed within, an optical block having at least one fluid connection port, and a first light pipe optically coupled between the at least one light source and the optical block. A second light pipe is optically coupled between the optical block and the at least one optical detector. The testing compartment is adapted to perform spectrophotometry of a fluid sample disposed within a sample container in the optical block, and the electronics compartment is electrically isolated from the testing compartment. A spectrophotometer for use in an explosive atmosphere and a method of measuring a presence or concentration of an organic or inorganic compound in a fluid in an explosive atmosphere are also described.

Abstract: A water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system includes a first quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling adapted to be fluidly coupled to a pre-treated water to be flowed over a first quartz crystal. A second quartz crystal microbalance cell and a fluid coupling are adapted to be fluidly coupled to a post-treated water to be flowed over a second quartz crystal. A computer processor receives a first frequency data from the first quartz crystal and a second frequency data from the second quartz crystal and based on a difference of frequency over time between the first frequency data and the second frequency data, provides an indication of an effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment component or system. A method to evaluate and effectiveness of a water hardness mitigation or treatment evaluation system is also described.