Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the photocatalytic reduction of a substance with a structured reaction plate and/or a structured housing, wherein the reaction plate has, at least in some regions, a surface which contains a material with negative electron affinity and which can be electronically excited with radiation having a wavelength of ?180 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the photocatalytic reduction of a substance with a structured reaction plate and/or a structured housing, wherein the reaction plate has, at least in some regions, a surface which contains a material with negative electron affinity and which can be electronically excited with radiation having a wavelength of ?180 nm.

Abstract: A device and a method for forming hollow cylindrical bodies. The device has a plurality of stations. A tool is allocated to each station. The tools are arranged on a common carrier. The tool can be moved between two reversing positions via a main drive. This reciprocating movement is executed intermittently. One of the two reversing positions forms a rest position in which the tool carrier stops in a rest phase. While the tool carrier stops in a rest position in the rest phase, a transport device transports the bodies from one station to the respective next station.

Abstract: A device and a method for forming hollow cylindrical bodies. The device has a plurality of stations. A tool is allocated to each station. The tools are arranged on a common carrier. The tool can be moved between two reversing positions via a main drive. This reciprocating movement is executed intermittently. One of the two reversing positions forms a rest position in which the tool carrier stops in a rest phase. While the tool carrier stops in a rest position in the rest phase, a transport device transports the bodies from one station to the respective next station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use with a plant drive system that receives a reference command signal and generates a torque command to drive a plant, the method for estimating plant inertia and comprising the steps of providing a reference model that models the plant, the model receiving the reference command signal and generating a model output signal as a function thereof, identifying a plant output signal, mathematically combining the reference command signal and the plant output signal to generate a first error value, mathematically combining the plant output signal and the model output signal to generate a second error value, mathematically combining the first and second error values to generate an inertia estimate value and using the inertia estimate value to modify the torque command thereby providing a modified torque command signal to drive the plant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use with a plant drive system that receives a reference command signal and generates a torque command to drive a plant, the method for estimating plant inertia and comprising the steps of providing a reference model that models the plant, the model receiving the reference command signal and generating a model output signal as a function thereof, identifying a plant output signal, mathematically combining the reference command signal and the plant output signal to generate a first error value, mathematically combining the plant output signal and the model output signal to generate a second error value, mathematically combining the first and second error values to generate an inertia estimate value and using the inertia estimate value to modify the torque command thereby providing a modified torque command signal to drive the plant.

Abstract: An improved electronic line shaft provides for a predictor sending predicted position and/or velocity values to servant drives that may be later strobed in by high speed low-latency strobe signals to eliminate network jitter and delay. The predictor may be implemented as a phase lock loop, providing filtering of a master encoder signal together with flexible electronic gear ratio adjustments and other desired control refinements.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with an encoder feedback device includes a comparator, a counter, and a prediction unit. The encoder feedback device is coupled to rotate with a rotating load and operable to generate at least one feedback position signal indicative of movement of the rotating load. The comparator is operable to receive the feedback position signal and generate a first position signal including a plurality of edges based on the feedback position signal. The counter is operable to receive the first position signal and count the edges to periodically generate position values at a predetermined update interval. The prediction unit is operable to receive a position data request at a first time and predict a position of the rotating load at the first time as a function of at least a subset of the position values generated prior to the first time and a misalignment between the first time and the predetermined update interval to generate an aligned position signal.

Abstract: An electronic line shaft includes a motor drive and a processing unit operable to execute a wizard for configuring the motor drive. The wizard is operable to receive mechanical characteristic data associated with the motor drive, determine a noise parameter based on the mechanical characteristic data, and determine at least one control parameter of the motor drive based on the noise parameter.

Abstract: A drive unit for controlling a motor includes a position feedback device and a velocity noise filter. The position feedback device is operable to generate a position signal relating to a position of the motor. The velocity noise filter is coupled to the position feedback device and operable to filter the position signal over a predetermined number of samples to generate a velocity feedback signal for the motor.

Abstract: A method and assembly for synchronizing machine operations, the assembly comprising a reference generator for generating a speed reference signal and a position reference signal, a plurality of slave units, each slave unit including, a mechanical device, a separate motor linked to and driving the mechanical device and a separate unit controller for controlling the unit motor, the unit controller receiving and using the reference signals to control motor operation and a synchronizer receiving the reference signals from the control signal source and simultaneously providing the reference signals to each of the slave unit controllers for use in controlling operation of the motors in a synchronized fashion.

Abstract: A method for determining motor velocity includes generating an edge signal including a plurality of edges. The edge signal indicates rotational travel of a motor. Edge counts in the edge signal occurring during periodic sample intervals are determined. The edge counts are filtered over a predetermined number of samples. A velocity feedback signal is generated for the motor based on the filtered edge counts. A drive unit for controlling a motor includes an edge detection unit, a position accumulator, and a velocity filter. The edge detection unit is operable to receive a motor position signal and generate an edge signal including a plurality of edges. The edge signal indicates rotational travel of the motor. A position accumulator is operable to determine edge counts in the edge signal occurring during periodic sample intervals. The velocity filter is operable to filter the edge counts over a predetermined number of samples generate a velocity feedback signal for the motor based on the filtered edge counts.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use with a controller for controlling a machine wherein a torque reference value is provided, the method for identifying an error representative of the difference between the torque reference value and the torque applied to the machine and using the error value to modify machine operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use with a motor controller that receives a command velocity and that applies voltages to drive a motor at the command velocity, the apparatus comprising a dual inertia lost motion assembly including a motor and a load couplable to the motor, the lost motion assembly characterized by at least some lost motion between the motor and the load, the motor and load together characterized by a total assembly inertia, an acceleration error determiner for generating an acceleration error that is the difference between a derivative of the command velocity and a motor acceleration value and a low pass acceleration error filter filtering the acceleration error and having a gain set as a percentage of the total assembly inertia, the acceleration error filter providing the filtered signal to the controller, the controller using the filtered signal to adjust the applied voltages.

Abstract: The present method can determine the inertia of an electric motor and the load driven by the electric motor in situations where the electric motor accelerates or decelerates in a non-linear manner. During acceleration and deceleration, the torque produced by the electric motor is sampled periodically and the average values for the acceleration torque and deceleration are calculated. The rates of acceleration and deceleration also are determined. These values are employed to derive a value indicating the inertia.

Abstract: A virtual encoder is provided as a software component of a motor drive that integrates a command speed to produce a desired position drive signal. The desired position drive signal is converted to an actual position drive signal that is constantly maintained within a predetermined integer error margin of the desired position drive signal.

Abstract: In a real-time system of a digital control system, in order to prevent a single program sequence (PS2) of a non-time-critical computing process ("task") from using up a load-dependently disproportionate amount of the total computing time still available, the program sequence (PS2) is classified as a subordinate computing process (R14) that has a running-time limit (LZF). Sequences of program steps that are preferably not to be interrupted are in this case protected from interruption by a lock, the original running-time limit (LZG) being able to be run over only within predetermined limits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for motor control tuning wherein an extremely accurate estimate of inertia is determined by using the second derivative of a desired motor velocity and the torque supplied to a motor is altered as a function of inertia.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for control of one or more torque-regulated motors in a controlled system in which a feedforward velocity component is subtracted from an output of proportional-integral velocity regulator to soften the command response of the motor control, independent of torque disturbances reflected in the velocity feedback path. The velocity feedforward path is decoupled from the velocity feedback path. In a preferred embodiment, a digital-type motor controller is used to practice the method in controlling a paper processing line.

Abstract: A method for control of servomotors includes limiting velocity feedforward as a second input to a velocity control loop in response to a velocity command, which is a first input, reaching a predetermined limit. Gain parameters for proportional and integral portions of a velocity-torque control loop and for the proportional and integral portions of the velocity feedforward loop may be adjusted independently to obtain varying control responses from the control system. The method is carried out in a microcomputer-based control module for an industrial controller.