Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for determining at least one distance value, representing a distance between a vehicle transceiver of a vehicle and one of a plurality of mobile device transceivers, by interchanging messages, wherein at least one vehicle transceiver is configured, to prioritize, according to predefined priorities, one or more messages from a first mobile device transceiver over one or more messages from at least one other mobile device transceiver.

Abstract: A refiner for refining pulps, includes a shaft, a rotor disc attached firmly to the shaft and a shaft bearing, the rotor disc being disposed between two stator discs and forming a refining chamber between the rotor disc and the stator discs. The shaft is movable in an axial direction and the shaft bearing is connected hydraulically to the refining chamber, ensuring low wear on the rotor discs and stator discs and, in particular, on the refiner plates on these discs, also in continuous operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a control device for a motor vehicle access or locating system and a method for operating a motor vehicle access or locating system, having the steps of: identifying a received signal that has travelled from a transmitter to a receiver of a control device along the strongest signal path, the peak path, as the peak path signal; determining the time of flight, ToF, of the peak path signal; determining a time interval, ?, of the time of flight of the peak path signal; determining a threshold value, T, for the reliability of a first path search depending on ?; carrying out the first path search at ? taking the threshold value into consideration.

Abstract: A circuit apparatus for locating a device unit in a respective locating session communicating bidirectionally with the device unit via ultra-wide-band radio in a predetermined common frequency band, comprises a control unit configured to control a transceiver unit of the circuit apparatus to emit a respective locating signal to the respective device unit in successive time blocks of a predetermined time grid of the locating session. The circuit apparatus comprises a monitoring unit configured to check, before the respective transmission of a locating signal to be transmitted, whether a predetermined transmission condition specifying a maximum permissible degree of utilization for the frequency band is fulfilled by the transmission of the locating signal to be transmitted, to enable the emission of the locating signal to be transmitted if the transmission condition is fulfilled, and otherwise to block the emission of the locating signal to be transmitted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distance measuring system for measuring distance of a first transceiver from second transceivers, comprising the first transceiver having a first time zone, a second transceiver having a second time zone, and a control unit having a control-unit time zone. The second transceiver ascertains a time-zone relationship between the second transceiver and the first transceiver, and transmits the time-zone relationship to the control unit. The control unit receives the time-zone relationship, and ascertains, using the received time-zone relationship, a time-zone relationship between the control-unit time zone and the first transceiver. The first transceiver transmits at a defined instant in time or for a defined time period of the first time zone a distance measurement command to the second transceiver. The first transceiver transmits a measurement signal at a further defined instant in time, and the second transceiver switches from an inactive into an active receiving or measuring state.

Abstract: The communication apparatus has at least two transceiver units. One of the transceiver units receives in a predetermined ranging session a time signal from an external device unit, which time signal comprises a device clock state of the device unit at a reference time in a device time zone. The receiving transceiver unit generates a synchronization dataset describing a time relationship between an apparatus clock state at the reference time in the apparatus time zone and the device clock state at the reference time in the device time zone. The receiving transceiver unit initiates a synchronization session, in which the receiving transceiver unit defines a synchronization time grid which has a periodically repeating synchronization block, which provides a session round. In a predetermined session slot of the session round of the periodically repeating synchronization block, the receiving transceiver unit transfers the synchronization dataset to the others of the transceiver units.

Abstract: A method for operating a transmitter unit of a radio key system of a motor vehicle, wherein a control device of the transmitter unit provides that, for a respective closing operation in at least one measurement cycle, in each case in response to a polling message, in a plurality of successive time slots, in each case one of a plurality of anchor transmitters of the transmitter unit transmits an anchor message, and the measurement cycle is ended by reception of a final message, which signals reception times of the anchor messages measured by a radio key system. A transmission sequence of the anchor transmitters may be determined by means of an assignment rule in which an assignment of the anchor transmitters to the time slots is carried out, wherein the assignment rule provides that the assignment takes place variably over time.

Abstract: Disclosed is a distance measuring system for measuring distance of a first transceiver from second transceivers, comprising the first transceiver having a first time zone, a second transceiver having a second time zone, and a control unit having a control-unit time zone. The second transceiver ascertains a time-zone relationship between the second transceiver and the first transceiver, and transmits the time-zone relationship to the control unit. The control unit receives the time-zone relationship, and ascertains, using the received time-zone relationship, a time-zone relationship between the control-unit time zone and the first transceiver. The first transceiver transmits at a defined instant in time or for a defined time period of the first time zone a distance measurement command to the second transceiver. The first transceiver transmits a measurement signal at a further defined instant in time, and the second transceiver switches from an inactive into an active receiving or measuring state.

Abstract: A refiner for refining pulps, includes a shaft, a rotor disc attached firmly to the shaft and a shaft bearing, the rotor disc being disposed between two stator discs and forming a refining chamber between the rotor disc and the stator discs. The shaft is movable in an axial direction and the shaft bearing is connected hydraulically to the refining chamber, ensuring low wear on the rotor discs and stator discs and, in particular, on the refiner plates on these discs, also in continuous operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and a device for determining, repeated in time intervals, of at least one of a distance value representing a time of flight and a distance between at least two transceivers by exchanging messages between the at least two transceivers, wherein on the part of at least one transceiver: at least one antenna is provided in each case for transferring messages by in each case at least one of transmitting and receiving the messages, wherein furthermore at least one evaluation unit is provided to determine a first distance value using messages transferred by at least one antenna and to determine at least one second distance value using of messages transferred by at least one antenna, wherein furthermore a selection unit is provided, which is configured to select in each case, from the last determined distance values, the smallest distance value

Abstract: Disclosed are a control device for a motor vehicle access or locating system and a method for operating a motor vehicle access or locating system, having the steps of: identifying a received signal that has travelled from a transmitter to a receiver of a control device along the strongest signal path, the peak path, as the peak path signal; determining the time of flight, ToF, of the peak path signal; determining a time interval, ?, of the time of flight of the peak path signal; determining a threshold value, T, for the reliability of a first path search depending on ?; carrying out the first path search at ? taking the threshold value into consideration.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to transmitter and/or receiver units (transceivers), such as in particular motor vehicle transceivers. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and devices for detecting changes in the positions of transceivers relative to each other. For example, a system may include: a distance determining device to measure a current distance value corresponding to a respective distance of two of the transceivers relative to each other; and a comparator to compare the at least one current distance value and with a stored reference distance value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a propagation delay and/or a distance between a plurality of transceivers, in particular between transceivers outside and/or as part of a motor vehicle, wherein the transceivers are each designed: to generate identical codes in a plurality of these transceivers, using a calculation method known to them, from at least one starting value transmitted, in particular, from one of the transceivers to the further transceivers, to transmit one or more messages from at least one of the transceivers to one or more further ones of the transceivers, which messages each contain at least one of the codes, to determine at least one propagation delay and/or at least one distance between at least two of the transceivers, in particular from the propagation delay and/or transmission times of the one or more messages.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a propagation delay and/or a distance between a plurality of transceivers, in particular between transceivers outside and/or as part of a motor vehicle, wherein the transceivers are each designed: to generate identical codes in a plurality of these transceivers, using a calculation method known to them, from at least one starting value transmitted, in particular, from one of the transceivers to the further transceivers, to transmit one or more messages from at least one of the transceivers to one or more further ones of the transceivers, which messages each contain at least one of the codes, to determine at least one propagation delay and/or at least one distance between at least two of the transceivers, in particular from the propagation delay and/or transmission times of the one or more messages.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to distance determining apparatus for determining a distance between an anchor and a tag. The apparatus is configured to select a first frame type or a second frame type for a message that is to be transmitted, to optimize an energy of the first frame type for a secure preamble detection, and to optimize an energy of the second frame type for a data transmission.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an approximate determination of a distance between a wireless key which is assigned to a motor vehicle and a transceiver arrangement which is disposed in or on the motor vehicle. In the course of a ranging cycle, a first first path relating to a first threshold value and a second first path relating to a higher, second threshold value are calculated. Two distances are estimated on the basis of this dual first path calculation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and devices for transit-time-based distance measurement and the teachings may be applied to locating keys for a motor vehicle. In one embodiment, a system for detecting the distance between a vehicle and an associated key may include: a transceiver associated with a vehicle; a key for the motor vehicle; and a processor configured to determine an estimated signal transit time between the transceiver and the key based at least in part on a ratio of a length of two time intervals between the transmission or reception of a message between the transceiver and the key.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to distance determining apparatus for determining a distance between an anchor and a tag. The apparatus is configured to select a first frame type or a second frame type for a message that is to be transmitted, to optimize an energy of the first frame type for a secure preamble detection, and to optimize an energy of the second frame type for a data transmission.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an approximate determination of a distance between a wireless key which is assigned to a motor vehicle and a transceiver arrangement which is disposed in or on the motor vehicle. In the course of a ranging cycle, a first first path relating to a first threshold value and a second first path relating to a higher, second threshold value are calculated. Two distances are estimated on the basis of this dual first path calculation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to transmitter and/or receiver units (transceivers), such as in particular motor vehicle transceivers. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and devices for detecting changes in the positions of transceivers relative to each other. For example, a system may include: a distance determining device to measure a current distance value corresponding to a respective distance of two of the transceivers relative to each other; and a comparator to compare the at least one current distance value and with a stored reference distance value.