Abstract: Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.

Abstract: An embodiment is directed to a Li metal or Li-ion battery cell. In an aspect, the Li metal or Li-ion battery cell includes a cathode capable of storing and releasing Li ions during battery cell operation, a conversion-type or Li metal-type anode capable of storing and releasing the Li-ions during the battery cell operation, and an electrolyte capable of conducting the Li-ions during the battery cell operation. In an aspect, the cathode comprises composite core-shell particle(s) comprising a conversion-type metal fluoride and at least one cation dopant, the at least one cation dopant is present in a range from around 0.1 at. % to around 30 at. % of all metals in the core-shell particles, and the cathode has an areal capacity loading that ranges from around 2 mAh/cm2 to around 12 mAh/cm2.

Abstract: An anode dispersion, which may be used in forming an anode of a lithium-ion battery, is disclosed. The anode dispersion includes: (1) primary anode active particles (PAAPs) that each include silicon (Si) and carbon (C), (2) functionalized pre-lithiation particles (FPLiPs) including lithium (Li), and (3) a solvent composition in which the PAAPs and FPLiPs are dispersed. In some embodiments, a mass ratio of the PAAPs to the FPLiPs is in a range of about 10:1 to about 200:1. In some embodiments, each of the FPLiPs includes a core and an outer protective coating around the core, with the outer protective coating including an oligomeric and/or a polymeric dispersant. Additionally, methods of making an anode, methods of making a lithium-ion battery, methods of making an anode-separator laminate, anodes, lithium-ion batteries, and anode-separator laminates are disclosed.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.

Abstract: A method of reducing the salt content of a neutralized aralkyl hydroperoxide cleavage mass stream comprising passing the neutralized stream into a vessel, the vessel having an inlet, two outlets, an aqueous layer and a hydrocarbon layer wherein the neutralized stream enters the vessel through a first inlet and a hydrocarbon stream exits the vessel through a first outlet that is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon layer.

Abstract: A method of reducing the salt content of a neutralized aralkyl hydroperoxide cleavage mass stream comprising passing the neutralized stream into a vessel, the vessel having an inlet, two outlets, an aqueous layer and a hydrocarbon layer wherein the neutralized stream enters the vessel through a first inlet and a hydrocarbon stream exits the vessel through a first outlet that is in fluid communication with the hydrocarbon layer.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to a glucose sensor comprising a working electrode to support an oxidation reaction and a reference electrode to support a redox reaction. The reference electrode may comprise silver and silver chloride. The Glucose sensor may also comprise an anti-mineralization agent positioned at the reference electrode to reduce formation of calcium carbonate at the reference electrode.