Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for open path laser spectroscopy with mobile platforms. An example system may include a first mobile platform and a second mobile platform, each of which supports a payload. A light beam directed from one payload to another may define a measurement path, which may be at a particular height above the ground. The payloads may determine a gas concentration along the measurement path. Wind information at the measurement height may be used to determine a gas flux. One or both of the mobile platforms may then move to a new location, and take a measurement along a new measurement path. By combining the measurement paths, gas flux through a flux surface may be determined.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are drawn to apparatuses and methods for a rotating optical reflector. Optical systems may have a limited field of view, and so in order to expand the area that the optical system collects data from, the field of view of the optical system may be scanned across a target area. The present disclosure is directed to a rotating optical reflector, which includes a transmissive layer which refracts light onto a reflective layer, which has a normal which is not parallel to the axis about which the optical reflector is rotated. The optical reflector may be both statically and dynamically balanced, which may allow an increased size of the optical reflector, which in turn may increase the aperture of an optical system (e.g., a lidar system) using the rotating optical reflector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an avalanche protection device that includes an avalanche protection backpack with at least one inflatable buoyant airbag and a breathing system with a breathing housing. The breathing housing connects a one-way inhalation valve to an inhalation tube, and at least one intake port, and at least one ambient air suction zone. It also connects a one-way exhalation valve to an exhalation tube and a CO2 exhalation region. A mouthpiece is provided on the breathing housing, which is able to be automatically pulled tightly onto the mouth of an avalanche victim by means of a facial airbag, by actuating a trigger handle. The invention additionally relates to a method for using such an avalanche protection device.

Abstract: A method automatically parameterizes error detection of an image inspection system by a computer. The method includes digitizing a reference image in order to determine desired values and subdividing the reference image into homogeneous image regions with few edges, and inhomogeneous image regions with strongly structured image areas and many edges. Lower tolerance values for the homogeneous image regions, and higher tolerance values for the inhomogeneous image regions of the digitized reference image are determined by statistical image analyses. The determined tolerances are assigned to their respective desired values in dependence on a position of the desired values in homogeneous or inhomogeneous image regions. An inspection sensitivity is calculated from desired values and their respective tolerances. The parameters of the image inspection system are set with the aid of the inspection sensitivity configuration of the image inspection system using the parameters.

Abstract: A method automatically parameterizes error detection of an image inspection system by a computer. The method includes digitizing a reference image in order to determine desired values and subdividing the reference image into homogeneous image regions with few edges, and inhomogeneous image regions with strongly structured image areas and many edges. Lower tolerance values for the homogeneous image regions, and higher tolerance values for the inhomogeneous image regions of the digitized reference image are determined by statistical image analyses. The determined tolerances are assigned to their respective desired values in dependence on a position of the desired values in homogeneous or inhomogeneous image regions. An inspection sensitivity is calculated from desired values and their respective tolerances. The parameters of the image inspection system are set with the aid of the inspection sensitivity configuration of the image inspection system using the parameters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for controlling an electrolytic reaction in a reaction medium, with the system (1) comprising a primary energy storage (10), an intermediate storage (30) and a control unit (50). The control unit of the system is adapted for transferring electrical energy from the primary energy storage into the intermediate storage, monitoring the state of charge of the intermediate storage, establishing an electric connection between the reaction medium and the intermediate storage when the state of charge of the intermediate storage is larger than or equal to a first threshold value, and interrupting an electric connection between the reaction medium and the intermediate storage when the state of charge of the intermediate storage is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value.