Abstract: Noninvasive methods and apparatus for detecting blood volume imbalances in a mammalian subject are disclosed. The method includes obtaining baseline measurements of at least three physiological parameters from a subject wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of heart rate, electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity. Measurements of electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity are taken at one or more extremities of the subject such as the calf, ankle, forearm, thigh, fingers and toes. The physiological parameters for which baseline measurements were obtained are then monitored to detect changes from the baseline measurements that indicate blood volume imbalances.

Abstract: Noninvasive methods and apparatus for detecting blood volume imbalances in a mammalian subject are disclosed. The method includes obtaining baseline measurements of at least three physiological parameters from a subject wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of heart rate, electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity. Measurements of electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity are taken at one or more extremities of the subject such as the calf, ankle, forearm, thigh, fingers and toes. The physiological parameters for which baseline measurements were obtained are then monitored to detect changes from the baseline measurements that indicate blood volume imbalances.

Abstract: A system for monitoring sepsis comprises one or more sensors that noninvasively monitor a patient to produce sensor data and processing circuitry to: derive, from the sensor data, one or more physiological parameters of the patient that are indicative of a sepsis state of the patient; apply a set of rules to the one or more physiological parameters; determine a sepsis state for the patient based on the set of rules applied to the one or more physiological parameters; and output at least one signal indicative of the sepsis state of the patient. The system includes an output device that outputs a notification based on the at least one signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring sepsis comprises one or more sensors that noninvasively monitor a patient to produce sensor data and processing circuitry to: derive, from the sensor data, one or more physiological parameters of the patient that are indicative of a sepsis state of the patient; apply a set of rules to the one or more physiological parameters; determine a sepsis state for the patient based on the set of rules applied to the one or more physiological parameters; and output at least one signal indicative of the sepsis state of the patient. The system includes an output device that outputs a notification based on the at least one signal.

Abstract: Noninvasive methods and apparatus for detecting blood volume imbalances in a mammalian subject are disclosed. The method includes obtaining baseline measurements of at least three physiological parameters from a subject wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of heart rate, electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity. Measurements of electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity are taken at one or more extremities of the subject such as the calf, ankle, forearm, thigh, fingers and toes. The physiological parameters for which baseline measurements were obtained are then monitored to detect changes from the baseline measurements that indicate blood volume imbalances.

Abstract: Noninvasive methods and apparatus for detecting blood volume imbalances in a mammalian subject are disclosed. The method includes obtaining baseline measurements of at least three physiological parameters from a subject wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of heart rate, electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity. Measurements of electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity are taken at one or more extremities of the subject such as the calf, ankle, forearm, thigh, fingers and toes. The physiological parameters for which baseline measurements were obtained are then monitored to detect changes from the baseline measurements that indicate blood volume imbalances.

Abstract: Noninvasive methods and apparatus for detecting blood volume imbalances in a mammalian subject are disclosed. The method includes obtaining baseline measurements of at least three physiological parameters from a subject wherein the parameters are selected from the group consisting of heart rate, electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity. Measurements of electrical body impedance, skin temperature, perfusion index, peripheral blood flow and skin humidity are taken at one or more extremities of the subject such as the calf, ankle, forearm, thigh, fingers and toes. The physiological parameters for which baseline measurements were obtained are then monitored to detect changes from the baseline measurements that indicate blood volume imbalances.

Abstract: A method for estimating a blood volume of a mammalian subject uses an electronic apparatus to i) compute a blood volume index from hemodynamic data for the subject, and ii) use the blood volume index to generate an output indicative of an estimated blood volume of the subject. The blood volume index is defined in terms of a baseline electrical body impedance of the subject, a baseline heart rate of the subject, an electrical body impedance of the subject at a time of interest, and a heart rate of the subject at the time of interest. The blood volume index may be further defined in terms of a relative heart rate and a relative electrical body impedance.

Abstract: The methods disclosed herein are of use for the treatment of muscular deficiencies. A Pavlovian system of reward is used to reinforce the efforts of an individual to contract an impaired muscle. The device detects patterns of electrical impulses sent from the brain to an impaired muscle and measures the strength of the impulses against a threshold value. If an impulse exceeding the threshold value is observed, current is sent to electrodes causing the muscle to contract. If an attempt is registered that does not meet the threshold value, the threshold value is lowered and the individual makes another attempt. This novel muscular therapy could potentially rehabilitate thousands of stroke and spinal cord injury victims each year.