Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing of an amide of the formula (I-1) or a diamide of the formula (I-2) where the variables areas defined in the claims and the description, by reacting an ester with an aromatic or heteroaromatic amine in the presence of an alkali metal-containing base and a Lewis acid; where the reaction is carried out under essentially anhydrous conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for L-Iditol by hydrogenating L-Sorbose. Further, the invention also relates to a use of a transition metal complex as hydrogenation catalyst for L-Sorbose. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of L-Iditol comprising at least one reaction step, in which a composition comprising L-Sorbose and hydrogen is reacted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst complex in a homogeneous solution, wherein the transition metal catalyst complex comprises at least one chiral ligand containing at least one phosphorus atom, which is capable of coordinating to the transition metal, and wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of the elements according to IUPAC. The invention further relates to a use of a transition metal complex as defined above and below as hydrogenation catalyst for compositions comprising L-Iditol or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Described are a process for the synthesis of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate, the use of a kit comprising (i) one or more bases comprising an alkaline metal cation and (ii) one or more alcohols in said process and to poly-4-hydroxybutyrate obtainable by said process.

Abstract: A process can be used for preparing cyclic carbonates with an exocyclic vinylidene group by reacting a propargylic alcohol with CO2 in the presence of a silver catalyst having at least one bulky ligand a lipophilic carboxylate ligand. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst is separated from the cyclic carbonate by the use of two organic solvents of different polarity and having a miscibility gap. The silver catalyst is enriched in the less polar solvent and the cyclic carbonate in the more polar solvent.

Abstract: Polyurethane rigid foams containing at least one phosphorous ester-based flame retardant are returned to the value chain by hydrogenating the polyurethane rigid foam, to obtain a hydrogenation product containing a polyamine and a polyol from the polyurethane rigid foam, and recovering the flame retardant from the hydrogenation product. The hydrogenation is carried out in an organic aprotic solvent, in a hydrogen atmosphere, in the presence of at least one homogeneous transition metal catalyst complex, wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of elements according to IUPAC, and at a reaction temperature of at least 120° C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of L-lditol comprising at least the process steps: i) a L-Sorbose comprising composition is subjected to hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrophobic stereoselective ruthenium catalyst complex in a homogeneous solution, wherein the ruthenium catalyst complex comprises at least one chiral ligand containing at least two phosphorus atom, which are capable of coordinating to the ruthenium yielding in a composition comprising L-lditol as the main product; ii) separation of the reaction products produced in step i) from the ruthenium catalyst complex; iii) reactivating the separated ruthenium catalyst complex of step ii) by adding a chloride source and reusing the reactivated ruthenium catalyst complex in step i).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of acetals from carbon dioxide. The invention also relates to a mixture of phosphorus containing ligands comprising least one polydentate ligand and at least one monodentate ligand. Further, the invention also relates to the use of mixtures comprising at least one polydentate ligand and at least one monodentate ligand in transition metal complexes for the preparation of acetals.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinyl compounds by homogeneous catalysis can be performed. Acetylene is reacted with a compound having at least one nitrogen bearing a substitutable hydrogen residue in a liquid phase in the presence of at least one phosphine as a catalyst to produce the compounds.

Abstract: A method for hydrogenating an ester of the general formula (III) with molecular hydrogen to give the alcohols at a temperature of 50 to 200° C. and a pressure of 0.1 to 20 MPa abs in the presence of a manganese(I) complex, in which the manganese complex comprises a tridentate ligand L with the general formula (II) and comprises at least two carbonyl ligands.

Abstract: A process to produce propargylic alcohol, wherein acetylene is reacted with formaldehyde in the liquid phase in the presence of a copper catalyst and at least one phosphine.

Abstract: A process to produce N-vinyl compounds by homogeneous catalysis can be performed. Acetylene is reacted with a compound having at least one nitrogen bearing a substitutable hydrogen residue in a liquid phase in the presence of at least one phosphine as a catalyst to produce the compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing substituted biphenyls of the formula (I) which comprises reacting a compound of the formula (II) in the presence of a base and of a palladium catalyst, with an organoboron compound of the formula (IV).

Abstract: Process for making an at least partially coated electrode active material wherein said process comprises the following steps: (a) Providing an electrode active material according to general formula Li1+xTM1?xO2, wherein TM is a combination of Ni and Co or Ni and Al and, optionally, Mn, and, optionally, at least one metal selected from Ga, Nb, Ta, Mg, Mo, B, Sn, V, W, Ti and Zr, and x is in the range of from zero to 0.2, (b) treating said electrode active material with at least one carbonyl compound of Co, and (c) treating the material obtained in step (b) with an oxidant.

Abstract: Spent polyurethanes are returned to the value chain by hydrogenating the spent polyurethanes in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of at least one homogeneous transition metal catalyst complex, wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of elements according to IUPAC, to obtain a polyamine and a polyol. The hydrogenation is carried out at a reaction temperature of at least 120° C. in a non-reducible solvent having a dipole moment of 10-1030 C·m or less.

Abstract: Spent polyamides are returned to the value chain by hydrogenating the spent polyamide in a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of at least one homogeneous transition metal catalyst complex, wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of elements according to IUPAC, to obtain a polyamine and a polyol. The hydrogenation is carried out at a reaction temperature of at least 160° C. in a non-reducible solvent having a dipole moment in the range of 1·10?30 to 10·10?30 C·m.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for L-Iditol by hydrogenating L-Sorbose. Further, the invention also relates to a use of a transition metal complex as hydrogenation catalyst for L-Sorbose. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of L-Iditol comprising at least one reaction step, in which a composition comprising L-Sorbose and hydrogen is reacted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst complex in a homogeneous solution, wherein the transition metal catalyst complex comprises at least one chiral ligand containing at least one phosphorus atom, which is capable of coordinating to the transition metal, and wherein the transition metal is selected from metals of groups 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table of the elements according to IUPAC. The invention further relates to a use of a transition metal complex as defined above and below as hydrogenation catalyst for compositions comprising L-Iditol or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A process can be used for preparing cyclic carbonates with an exocyclic vinylidene group by reacting a propargylic alcohol with CO2 in the presence of a silver catalyst having at least one bulky ligand a lipophilic carboxylate ligand. After completion of the reaction, the catalyst is separated from the cyclic carbonate by the use of two organic solvents of different polarity and having a miscibility gap. The silver catalyst is enriched in the less polar solvent and the cyclic carbonate in the more polar solvent.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbon atoms, R2, R3 are independently hydrogen or an organic radical of 1 to 100 carbons, Z is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 100 carbons, A is an (n+m)-valent organic group of 1 to 1 000 000 carbons, X is a single bond or a divalent organic group of 1 to 40 carbons, n is an integer from 1 to 1000, m is 0, 1, or 2, the sum of n+m being an integer from 2 to 1002. Such compounds are obtainable from specific 4-oxy-but-2-yn-1-ol derivatives, or used as intermediate(s), crosslinker(s), or monomer(s) in polymerization or oligomerization reactions, or for two-component compositions having such compound(s) and multifunctional hardener(s). Such compound(s) may be used to prepare polyunsaturated compounds, by reaction with an (oligo/poly)-functional nucleophile, or polymers.

Abstract: A process can be used to produce N-vinyl compounds by homogeneous catalysis. In the process, acetylene is reacted with a cyclic compound having at least one nitrogen as a ring member, hearing a substitutable hydrogen residue (cyclic compound C), in a liquid phase in the presence of a ruthenium complex containing at least one phosphine as a ligand (RuCat).

Abstract: A process for producing a compound of the formula (I) involves at least reacting a compound of the formula (II) with hydrogen and water in the presence of at least one homogeneous transition metal catalyst TMC 1.