Abstract: The invention relates to the use of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants as gel phase free emulsion systems for emulsion polymerization. The nonionic surfactants are chosen from the group (a) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, and (b) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, wherein the OH-group of said addition products is end-capped in the sense that it is substituted by a group OR, wherein R is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 C-atoms, which can be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolymerizable emulsifier comprising (meth)acrylic acid esters, selected from compounds of the general formula (1) and (II), where: A is an acrylic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, x and y independently of each other are a hydrogen group or a methyl group, B is hydrogen or a sulfate or phosphate group, and n a number in the range of 0 to 40. The invention further relates to methods of using said copolymerizable emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers to prepare polymers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds of the formula (I), R—CH(O—(AO)mX)—CH2—O—(AO)—CH2—CH?CH2, where: R denotes an alkyl radical which has 8 to 18 carbon atoms and can be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched; X denotes a sulfate or phosphate group or hydrogen; (AO) denotes an alkylene oxide unit, selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide; n denotes a number in the range of 0 to 50; and m denotes zero or a number in the range of 1 to 30; as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: Provided are low-viscosity aqueous compositions comprising compounds of Formula (III) and (IV). These compositions are prepared by jointly ethoxylating a mixture of the compounds of the Formula (I) and (II) to give an intermediate which represents a mixture of compounds of Formulas (I*) and (II*). The intermediate is then converted by sulfation or phosphation and subsequent neutralization, into an aqueous composition comprising the compounds of Formula (III) and (IV). The aqueous compositions are notable for having, at 20° C., a Brookfield viscosity of 3000 mPas or less (measured at 20° C. with spindle 2 and 20 rpm), and are suitable as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: Nonionic surfactants selected from the group consisting of (a) the addition products of 1 to 40 mol of alkylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol wherein the alkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide and (b) the addition products of 1 to 40 mol of alkylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol wherein the alkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide, wherein the OH group of these addition products is end group capped in the sense that it is replaced by an OR group, wherein R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight chain or branched, are useful as dispersants in the production of preparations wherein one or more solid materials are dispersed in a liquid medium.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I) and (II) as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is an alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms; X and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium or other amine salt; and n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40.

Abstract: Provided are low-viscosity aqueous compositions comprising compounds of Formula (III) and (IV). These compositions are prepared by jointly ethoxylating a mixture of the compounds of the Formula (I) and (II) to give an intermediate which represents a mixture of compounds of Formulas (I*) and (II*). The intermediate is then converted by sulfation or phosphation and subsequent neutralization, into an aqueous composition comprising the compounds of Formula (III) and (IV). The aqueous compositions are notable for having, at 20° C., a Brookfield viscosity of 3000 mPas or less (measured at 20° C. with spindle 2 and 20 rpm), and are suitable as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (III), as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is a C3-C40 alkyl group; X, Y and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; B and D independently are sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen; n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40; and m is a number in the range from 2 to 40.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions which comprise (i) 10 to 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group (a) to (e), and (ii) 10 to 90% by weight of water, based on the composition, are disclosed, where the compounds (a) to (e) are defined as follows: (a) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, (b) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, terminally capped with C1-20 alkyl, (c) compounds of the formula R1—O—X—R2, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R1 and R2 independently are C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (d) compounds of the formula R3—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R3 is C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (e) compounds of the formula H—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. The surfactant compositions are liquid and pourable at 20° C., with a pour point below 0° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants as gel phase free emulator systems for the emulsion polymerization, wherein said nonionic surfactants are chosen from the group (a) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, and (b) of the addition products from 1 to 40 mol ethylene and/or propylene oxide per mol of allyl alcohol, wherein the OH-group of said addition products is end-capped in the sense that it is substituted by a group OR, wherein R is an alkyl group with 1 to 20 C-atoms, which can be saturated or unsaturated, straight chained or branched.

Abstract: The invention relates to a copolymerizable emulsifier comprising (meth)acrylic acid esters, selected from compounds of the general formula (1) and (II), where: A is an acrylic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, x and y independently of each other are a hydrogen group or a methyl group, B is hydrogen or a sulfate or phosphate group, and n a number in the range of 0 to 40. The invention further relates to methods of using said copolymerizable emulsifier in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers to prepare polymers.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I) and (II) as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is an alkyl group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms; X and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium or other amine salt; and n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the use of maleic esters selected from compounds of formulae (I), (II) and (III), as copolymerizable emulsifiers in the emulsion polymerization of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in which A is a C3-C40 alkyl group; X, Y and Z independently are hydrogen or methyl; B and D independently are sulfate, phosphate or hydrogen; n and p independently are numbers in the range from 0 to 40; and m is a number in the range from 2 to 40.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions which comprise (i) 10 to 90% by weight of one or more compounds selected from the group (a) to (e), and (ii) 10 to 90% by weight of water, based on the composition, are disclosed, where the compounds (a) to (e) are defined as follows: (a) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, (b) addition products of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with allyl alcohol, terminally capped with C1-20 alkyl, (c) compounds of the formula R1—O—X—R2, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R1 and R2 independently are C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (d) compounds of the formula R3—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units and where R3 is C1-20 alkyl, excluding allyl, (e) compounds of the formula H—O—X—H, where X is 1 to 40 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units. The surfactant compositions are liquid and pourable at 20° C., with a pour point below 0° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of nonionic surfactants as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, one or more nonionic surfactants being selected from the group consisting of (a) addition products of from 1 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mole onto allyl alcohol, and (b) addition products of from 1 to 40 mol of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mole onto allyl alcohol, where the OH group of these addition products is terminally capped in the sense that it is replaced by a group OR, where R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched.

Abstract: A nonionic surfactant for emulsion polymerization is provided, and includes products from the addition of 3 to 20 mols of ethylene and/or propylene oxide onto 1 mol of one or more diterpene alcohols selected from the group consisting of abietyl alcohol, dihydroabietyl alcohol, tetrahydroabietyl alcohol and dehydroabietyl alcohol, wherein the surfactant is included as an emulsifier in a polymer emulsion. A method for stabilizing an emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion is also provided, including the steps of adding an emulsifier, to an emulsion polylmer or polymer dispersion comprising monomers, in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, based on the total quantity of monomers present, the emulsifier including products from the addition of 3 to 20 mols of ethylene and/or propylene oxide onto 1 mol of one or more diterpene alcohols selected from the group consisting of abietyl alcohol, dihydroabietyl alcohol, tetrahydroabietyl alcohol and dehydroabietyl alcohol.