Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine rotor wherein the inter blade region rotor surface, the feed region rotor surface, the piston region rotor surface and the stress relief groove rotor surface of the rotor are configured and arranged as steam exposed surfaces during normal operation of the steam turbine rotor. The steam turbine rotor has a thermal barrier coating on at least the piston region rotor surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine rotor wherein the inter blade region rotor surface, the feed region rotor surface, the piston region rotor surface and the stress relief groove rotor surface of the rotor are configured and arranged as steam exposed surfaces during normal operation of the steam turbine rotor. The steam turbine rotor has a thermal barrier coating on at least the piston region rotor surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine rotor wherein the inter blade region rotor surface, the feed region rotor surface, the piston region rotor surface and the stress relief groove rotor surface of the rotor are configured and arranged as steam exposed surfaces during normal operation of the steam turbine rotor. The steam turbine rotor has a thermal barrier coating on at least the piston region rotor surface.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: The embodiments relate to a steam turbine with modular inserts that are removably insertable into an inner case. The modular inserts include a seal carrier modular insert located towards a first end of the steam turbine, for carrier seals located between the inner casing the rotor, that is cylindrically shaped and removably insertable into the inner casing, an inlet spiral insert, adjacent the seal carrier modular insert and removably insertable into the inner casing, for introducing steam into the steam expansion flow path so as to circumferentially distribute steam feed into the steam turbine; and a blade carrier modular insert, adjacent the inlet spiral insert, that is also cylindrically shaped and removably insertable into the inner casing, for retaining stationary blades.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the calculation of an absolute and relative axial displacement in a steam turbine between a stationary vane row and a rotating blade row steam turbine. This is achieved by using a measurement signal of an outer casing absolute axial expansion sensor, a measurement signal of an inner to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor and a measurement signal for a rotor to outer casing differential axial expansion sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steam turbine rotor wherein the inter blade region rotor surface, the feed region rotor surface, the piston region rotor surface and the stress relief groove rotor surface of the rotor are configured and arranged as steam exposed surfaces during normal operation of the steam turbine rotor. The steam turbine rotor has a thermal barrier coating on at least the piston region rotor surface.

Abstract: A method of controlling a steam turbine, having a controller controlling at least the position of a steam inlet valve located in a steam conduit between a steam generator and the turbine to control mass flow into the turbine, includes selecting, before beginning startup, a predefined set of startup sequences of setpoints based on a turbine status at the beginning of startup and/or a startup mode chosen by the operator, the set of startup sequences of setpoints includes parameters controlled and not controlled by the controller; using the controller to control the parameters controlled by the controller so as to progress the turbine from setpoint to setpoint in accordance with predefined set of startup sequences until reaching a release point; and at the release point, delaying moving to the next setpoint until actual setpoint values agree with predefined release point setpoint values for parameters not controlled by the controller.

Abstract: A method for starting a combined cycle power plant (1) includes loading the gas turbine unit (2), providing a starting temperature (Tstart) for the steam supplied to the steam turbine (5), while the control valve (7) is regulated controlling the temperature of the steam at a temperature substantially equal to the starting temperature (Tstart) at a position (P2) downstream of the control valve (7) and upstream of the rotor (8), when the control valve (7) is substantially fully open, supplying steam to the steam turbine (5) at the starting temperature (Tstart). The steam temperature is controlled by controlling the steam temperature upstream of the control valve (7) in accordance with the temperature drop caused by the control valve (7) when the steam passes through it.

Abstract: A steam turbine is provided having a relief groove which is arranged in the region of the equalizing piston and extends in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The relief groove, with regard to an inlet passage, is arranged in the axial upstream direction so that it is arranged on the rotor outside a region in which the steam flow enters the bladed flow path via the inlet passage. The relief groove, with regard to the first blade row, is arranged in a region in which the greatest thermal stresses can arise in the rotor. As an option, the relief groove has a cover for reducing vortex flows, and also devices for reducing heating of the groove or devices for active cooling. The steam turbine allows an increased number of risk-free running up and running down operations of the steam turbine with minimum detriment to the turbine performance.

Abstract: A method of controlling a steam turbine, having a controller controlling at least the position of a steam inlet valve located in a steam conduit between a steam generator and the turbine to control mass flow into the turbine, includes selecting, before beginning startup, a predefined set of startup sequences of setpoints based on a turbine status at the beginning of startup and/or a startup mode chosen by the operator, the set of startup sequences of setpoints includes parameters controlled and not controlled by the controller; using the controller to control the parameters controlled by the controller so as to progress the turbine from setpoint to setpoint in accordance with predefined set of startup sequences until reaching a release point; and at the release point, delaying moving to the next setpoint until actual setpoint values agree with predefined release point setpoint values for parameters not controlled by the controller.

Abstract: A method for starting a combined cycle power plant (1) includes loading the gas turbine unit (2), providing a starting temperature (Tsrart) for the steam supplied to the steam turbine (5), while the control valve (7) is regulated controlling the temperature of the steam at a temperature substantially equal to the starting temperature (Tstart) at a position (P2) downstream of the control valve (7) and upstream of the rotor (8), when the control valve (7) is substantially fully open, supplying steam to the steam turbine (5) at the starting temperature (Tstart). The steam temperature is controlled by controlling the steam temperature upstream of the control valve (7) in accordance with the temperature drop caused by the control valve (7) when the steam passes through it.

Abstract: A steam turbine is provided having a relief groove which is arranged in the region of the equalizing piston and extends in the circumferential direction of the rotor. The relief groove, with regard to an inlet passage, is arranged in the axial upstream direction so that it is arranged on the rotor outside a region in which the steam flow enters the bladed flow path via the inlet passage. The relief groove, with regard to the first blade row, is arranged in a region in which the greatest thermal stresses can arise in the rotor. As an option, the relief groove has a cover for reducing vortex flows, and also devices for reducing heating of the groove or devices for active cooling. The steam turbine allows an increased number of risk-free running up and running down operations of the steam turbine with minimum detriment to the turbine performance.

Abstract: A steam turbine (10), especially in the form of a double-flow low-pressure steam turbine, includes a rotor (11) which is rotatably mounted around an axis (21) and which is concentrically enclosed with a spacing by an inner casing (13), forming annular steam passages (28, 29), and which has a multiplicity of rotor blades (12) which project into the steam passages (28, 29), wherein the inner casing (13) supports a multiplicity of stator blades (12) which project into the steam passages (28, 29) and which, for feeding steam to the steam passages (28, 29), has an inlet duct (15) which is directed around the axis (21) and tapers in the flow cross section. With such a steam turbine, the production is simplified by the inner casing (13) being formed as a welded construction, in which blade carriers (14), which delimit the steam passages (28, 29) and are produced as cast parts, are welded to additional forged or rolled steel elements (20) for fastening the stator blades (12?).

Abstract: The invention relates to a concentrate for the production of cosmetically effective compositions that lighten the skin, wherein said concentrate contains at least one extract (i) of mallow (malva sylvestris) and (ii) peppermint (mentha piperita) and optionally an additional extract selected from amongst the extracts of (iii) cowslip (primula veris), (iv) lesser burnet (pimpinella saxifraga), (v) common speedwell (veronica officinalis), (vi) lemon balm (melissa officinalis) and (vii) common yarrow (achillea millefolium).

Abstract: A new expression vector for the production of a polypeptide in yeast. The vector includes a sequence coding for the polypeptide and other sequences allowing expression of the polypeptide only in yeast. The other sequences lack any non-yeast sequences. Other embodiments include a yeast strain comprising such a vector, a method for the production of the vector, a method for the production of the yeast strain by transformation of a yeast strain with the new vector, and a method for the production of a polypeptide in the transformed yeast strain by fermentation thereof followed by isolation of the polypeptide.

Abstract: A new expression vector for the production of a polypeptide in yeast. The vector includes a sequence coding for the polypeptide and other sequences allowing expression of the polypeptide only in yeast. The other sequences lack any non-yeast sequences. Other embodiments include a yeast strain comprising such a vector, a method for the production of the vector, a method for the production of the yeast strain by transformation of a yeast strain with the new vector, and a method for the production of a polypeptide in the transformed yeast strain by fermentation thereof followed by isolation of the polypeptide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an active ingredient combination containing erythrulose and a further reducing sugar with self-tanning properties, for example, dihydroxyacetone, which combination is used for artificially tanning the skin. Compared with compounds containing, for example, only dihydroxyacetone, said active ingredient combination and cosmetic compounds based thereon result in an even and longer-lasting colouring of the skin and prevent skin dehydration and uneven flaking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to transport system conjugates as transmembrane transport systems for topical and transdermal applications, especially in dermatology and cosmetics, and for pharmaceutically active ingredients with a systemic action. The transport system according to the invention can be used for peptide active ingredients as well as for non-peptide active ingredients, such as vitamins, hormones and antibiotics. There are numerous fields of application of the topical and transdermal use of the transport system conjugates according to the present invention, including the transport of active ingredients into and through the skin for healing wound, protecting the skin, and controlling various disorders including skin aging, inflammation, cellulitis, psoriasis, melanoma, arthritis, acne, neurodermatitis, eczema, paradontitis, burns, and so forth.